{"id":125,"date":"2015-06-18T15:32:47","date_gmt":"2015-06-18T12:32:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/?p=125"},"modified":"2015-06-18T15:34:23","modified_gmt":"2015-06-18T12:34:23","slug":"gizemler-diyari-izapa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/2015\/06\/gizemler-diyari-izapa\/","title":{"rendered":"Gizemler Diyar\u0131 Izapa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/11072670_1576656319274904_7023461265757906676_n.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-medium wp-image-128 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/11072670_1576656319274904_7023461265757906676_n-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"11072670_1576656319274904_7023461265757906676_n\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/11072670_1576656319274904_7023461265757906676_n-300x199.jpg 300w, http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/11072670_1576656319274904_7023461265757906676_n.jpg 802w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\u00dc\u00e7 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce g\u00fcney Meksika\u2019n\u0131n Pasifik k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 ovalar\u0131nda orta Amerika\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yanarda\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6lgesi alt\u0131nda G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131ndan bir rahibe, Mezoamerika\u2019 daki insan tarihini de\u011fi\u015ftirecek bir a\u00e7\u0131klama geldi.<\/p>\n<p>Rahip 13 A\u011fustos dedi\u011fimiz g\u00fcnde (B\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131k M.\u00d6 1358) hi\u00e7bir a\u011fac\u0131n, dire\u011fin ya da s\u00fctunun, di\u011fer bir de\u011fi\u015fle dikey olan hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin g\u00f6lge b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00f6yle mucizevi bir olay acaba bir daha ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilecek miydi. ?<\/p>\n<p>Rahip g\u00fcnleri saymaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130ki y\u00fcz altm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn sonra ikinci bir defa daha oldu. Ve bundan 105 g\u00fcn sonra, di\u011fer bir 13 A\u011fustosta da hi\u00e7bir \u015fey g\u00f6lge b\u0131rakmad\u0131. Rahip, bu kendini tekrarlayan olay\u0131 ke\u015ffederken herhalde G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131\u2019 n\u0131n ki\u015fili\u011fiyle ileti\u015fimde bulundu\u011funu hissetmekteydi.<\/p>\n<p>Bu ilgin\u00e7 olaylar, Meksika-Guatemala s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda, Izapa ad\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck bir t\u00f6ren yerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyordu. Daha sonradan gelen ve tahminen daha geli\u015fmi\u015f bir uygarl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f benzer yerlerin aksine, buradaki tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n piramit ve tepeciklerinin y\u00fczeyleri, kusursuzca kesilmi\u015f ve yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ta\u015flar yerine, kaba \u00e7ak\u0131l ta\u015flar\u0131 doldurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Buna ra\u011fmen yeni bulgular g\u00f6stermektedir ki, Izapa\u2019 n\u0131n benzersiz konumu nedeniyle yukar\u0131daki gibi bir senaryo, tahminen yeni d\u00fcnyadaki ilk zaman \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc olan 260 g\u00fcnl\u00fck kutsal takvimin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Tzolkin ya da Tonalamatl diye bilinen bu garip takvim, hem do\u011fan\u0131n mevsimsel d\u00f6ng\u00fclerini kavramak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan bir ilk giri\u015fimdir, hem de t\u00fcm ya\u015fam\u0131n saatini ba\u015flat\u0131r.13 say\u0131y\u0131 20 g\u00fcn ad\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftiren bu kutsal takvim kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra aralar\u0131nda, Olmekler, Mayalar ve Aztekler de bulunan sonraki b\u00fcy\u00fck Mezoamerika uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in din, sanat ve bilim alanlar\u0131nda temel olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r kullan\u0131lan 365 g\u00fcnl\u00fck normal takvimde bu olaydan hemen birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir, bir y\u0131l\u0131n ger\u00e7ek uzunlu\u011fu hakk\u0131ndaki ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 yine Izapa\u2019 n\u0131n benzersiz konumu nedeniyle elde edilmi\u015f olabilir. Izapa\u2019 da bulunan ana piramidin \u00fcst\u00fcnden Orta Amerika\u2019n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek da\u011f\u0131 ve s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f yanarda\u011f\u0131 olan Tajumulco kolayl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce bu merdivenlerinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir rahip ilgin\u00e7 ve etkileyici bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facakt\u0131r; berrak g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde neredeyse k\u00f6r edecek g\u00fcne\u015f, muhte\u015fem yanarda\u011f\u0131n tam ana kraterinin i\u00e7inden y\u00fckseliyor izlenimi vermektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Arkeologlar her zaman kutsal takvimin, 365 g\u00fcnl\u00fck normal takvimden daha eski oldu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015flerdir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc e\u011fer 260 g\u00fcnl\u00fck takvim Mezoamerika\u2019 l\u0131lar\u0131n y\u0131l\u0131n 365 g\u00fcn oldu\u011funu anlamalar\u0131ndan evvel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmasayd\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla hi\u00e7bir zaman kullan\u0131lmayacakt\u0131. Ger\u00e7ekten de, mevsimler ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tar\u0131msal d\u00f6nemlerle uyu\u015fmayan bu ayinlere dayal\u0131 takvimin pratik bir de\u011feri yoktur.<\/p>\n<p>Fakat Mezoamerika\u2019 l\u0131lar 260 g\u00fcnl\u00fck takvimi kutsal olarak takdis ettikleri i\u00e7in, g\u00fcne\u015f, y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffinden sonra onu terk etmediler; bunun yerine iki takvimi bir sistem i\u00e7ine b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirdiler.<\/p>\n<p>Er ya da ge\u00e7, t\u00fcm ileri uygarl\u0131klar, bir y\u0131l\u0131n 365 g\u00fcn oldu\u011fu anlad\u0131lar. Fakat 260 g\u00fcnl\u00fck takvim, Mezaamerika\u2019 dan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir yerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halen de Guetamaladaki baz\u0131 kabilelerde kullan\u0131lmaya devam edilmektedir. Kullan\u0131ma ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 3000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden bug\u00fcne dek bu eski takvim bir g\u00fcn kadar bile aksamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, Izapal\u0131lar kutsal takvimi liderlerine ve soylular\u0131na isim vermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131. Her g\u00fcn, yerel mitoloji i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olan 20 hayvan\u0131n isimlerinden biri ile g\u00f6sterilmektedir; timsah, \u015fahim, kartal, jaguar, y\u0131lan, geyik ve kaplan gibi.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/11193369_1576656389274897_1166730280531162904_n.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-medium wp-image-129 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/11193369_1576656389274897_1166730280531162904_n-257x300.jpg\" alt=\"11193369_1576656389274897_1166730280531162904_n\" width=\"257\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/11193369_1576656389274897_1166730280531162904_n-257x300.jpg 257w, http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/11193369_1576656389274897_1166730280531162904_n.jpg 502w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px\" \/><\/a>Tzolkin \u2018in tarihi de\u011feri kadar g\u00f6kbilimsel de\u011feri de vard\u0131r. Rahipler 260 g\u00fcnl\u00fck takvimi g\u00fcne\u015f tutulmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden bilmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ve inan\u0131yorlard\u0131 ki, her 52 y\u0131lda, kutsal hayvanlar\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015fe g\u00f6re yerlerine d\u00f6nmeleriyle birlikte tarih kendini tekrarlayacakt\u0131r. Sonralar\u0131, Aztekler, bir 52 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemin ya da bir \u201cAztek Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131\u201d n\u0131n son g\u00fcn\u00fcnde tekrar yakmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm ate\u015flerini t\u00f6renlerle s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Eski Arkeoloji bilimi, Mayalar\u0131n ayinsel takvimi bulmalar\u0131na neden olarak, bu s\u00fcrenin insan\u0131n gebelik m\u00fcddetinin (266 g\u00fcn) bir yakla\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu, ya da kendilerine g\u00f6re sihirli anlam\u0131 olan 13 ve 20 say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. G\u00f6kbilime dayal\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm, Mayalar konusundaki uzmanlar\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u0131 Sir J.Eris Thompson\u2019un kendisi taraf\u0131ndan saf d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmi\u015ftir. Ona g\u00f6re takvimin g\u00f6kbilimsel bir dayana\u011f\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgede biliniyor olmas\u0131 gereklidir. Bu demekti ki, takvimi hangi uygarl\u0131k bulmu\u015fsa \u00e7evresindeki t\u00fcm uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 da buna inand\u0131rmak zorundayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Halbuki da\u011flar, vadiler ve s\u0131k ormanlarla dolu bu tip b\u00f6lgede, b\u00f6yle merkezi bir sistemi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in gerekli haberle\u015fmenin do\u011furdu\u011fu pratik sorunlar, \u00fcstesinden gelinmez g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n<p>Fakat Ocak 1973\u2032de bir sabah, Yucatan yar\u0131m adas\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck Maya t\u00f6ren merkezi Chichen Itza\u2019n\u0131n tarihi g\u00f6zlemevi El Caracol\u2019da Sir Eric taraf\u0131ndan \u201dYeni D\u00fcnyadaki en \u00e7irkin bina\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan yerde El Castillonun duvarlar\u0131nda karma\u015f\u0131k \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u015fekilleri tespit edilir.<\/p>\n<p>Mezoamerika\u2019 daki bir zamanlar b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00f6netmi\u015f Teotihuacan \u2018da ana caddenin 15 derece 30 dk kuzey do\u011fudan 15 derece 30 dk. g\u00fcneybat\u0131ya y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u015fehre egemen olan yap\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015f Piramitinin ise caddeye dik a\u00e7\u0131 yapmaktad\u0131r. Yani azimutu 285 derece 30 dk. d\u0131r. Bu dev yap\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015fi anmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve genelde bat\u0131ya do\u011fru d\u00f6n\u00fck oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re \u00f6zel bir g\u00fcnbat\u0131 konumuna g\u00f6re y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Y\u0131l\u0131n hangi g\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcne\u015f 285 derece 30 luk bir azimutla batar? Bu \u00f6zel g\u00fcn Mezoamerika\u2019 da zaman\u0131n g\u00fcna\u011f\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc olan 13 A\u011fustostur. Mayalar\u0131n ba\u015fkenti ad\u0131 verilen Tikal\u2019 deki g\u00f6rkemli be\u015f piramit g\u00f6kbilim g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Tap\u0131nak 1 den 4 \u2018e uzanan \u00e7izgi 13 A\u011fustostaki g\u00fcn bat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n azimutunu verirken, 1 ve 3 \u2018\u00fcnc\u00fc tap\u0131naklar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7izgi g\u00fcn-t\u00fcn e\u015fitliklerini, 4 ve 3 tap\u0131naklar aras\u0131ndaki bir ba\u015fka \u00e7izgi ise k\u0131\u015f ink\u0131lab\u0131ndaki (22 Aral\u0131k) g\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Olmekler, ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131 ve batakl\u0131klar i\u00e7inde, (biri M.\u00d6 1200 de San Lorenzo\u2019da di\u011feri 200 y\u0131l kadar sonra La Venta\u2019da olmak \u00fczere b\u00f6lgenin en eski merkezlerinden ikisini in\u015fa etmi\u015flerdir. \u0130ki konumda arkeolojik mant\u0131\u011fa her zaman ters d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir, fakat bunlar\u0131 ink\u0131laplara g\u00f6re y\u00f6nlendirme prensibi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ele al\u0131n\u0131rsa San Lorenzo\u2019daki k\u0131\u015f ink\u0131lab\u0131nda g\u00fcne\u015f \u00e7evredeki en y\u00fcksek da\u011f olan Zempoaltepec\u2019in i\u00e7ine batar; La Ventadaki yaz ink\u0131lab\u0131nda ise San Martin yanar da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine \u201d batar\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Mezoamerika\u2019 daki eski t\u00f6ren merkezleri g\u00fcne\u015f ink\u0131lab\u0131 yerine g\u00f6re \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu ve her merkezdeki bir ya da daha fazla yap\u0131n\u0131n 285 30 luk b\u015fr. azimutla y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n bu merkezler on be\u015finci enlem \u00fczerinde bulunmad\u0131klar\u0131na ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00fcne\u015fin 260 g\u00fcnl\u00fck devirlerini \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00f6resel rahipler g\u00fcne\u015fin 13 A\u011fustostaki \u00f6nemini nerden anlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r?<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fer zaman\u0131n g\u00fcna\u011f\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u2018n\u0131n hangi g\u00fcnde an\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sadece Izapal\u0131 rahiplerin bildi\u011fini varsayarsak, belki Izapa\u2019dan Yucatan\u2019a ya da Meksika yaylas\u0131na giden gezginler bu bilgileri beraberlerinde g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sorun, bu bilgileri bir \u015fekilde iletmek de\u011fil do\u011fru iletmekle ilgilidir. G\u00fcne\u015fin tam tepeden ge\u00e7ece\u011fi bir sonraki g\u00fcn\u00fc, yaz ink\u0131lab\u0131ndan sonra 52 g\u00fcn sayarak bulabilirlerdi.<\/p>\n<p>Sonralar\u0131, 260 g\u00fcnl\u00fck takvimi geli\u015ftiren Izapal\u0131lar\u0131n, bir y\u0131l\u0131n ger\u00e7ek uzunlu\u011funu bulan ilk Mezoamerika\u2019 l\u0131lar \u2018da olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Izapa co\u011frafi kilit noktas\u0131 olan Tajumulco yanarda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u00f6ren merkezine yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir yerdir. Dahas\u0131 Mezoamerika\u2019 daki geli\u015fmi\u015f uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n en eskisi olan Olmekler e\u011fer ger\u00e7ekten g\u00fcne\u015f ink\u0131laplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki aral\u0131klar\u0131n bilincinde idiyseler buna g\u00f6re 365 g\u00fcnl\u00fck takvim \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fumundan 1000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce var olmu\u015f olmal\u0131yd\u0131. \u00d6yleyse, daha pratik olan bu takvimden tahminen daha \u00f6nce var olan ayinsel takvim ise kimsenin hayal edemeyece\u011fi kadar eskiye dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Tarihin bir d\u00f6neminde, iki takvimin de bir arada kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, Maya takvimindeki isimlerin her iki sisteme de referans vermesinden anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan incelemede bu d\u00f6nemin M.\u00d6 235 oldu\u011fu tespit edilir. Buna g\u00f6re normal takvimin ilk g\u00fcn\u00fc bir yaz ink\u0131lab\u0131yla \u00e7ak\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 M.\u00d6 1320-1323 aras\u0131nda olan bu g\u00fcn, ayinsel takvimin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden de eskiye ait oldu\u011fu fikrini destekler.<\/p>\n<p>Kutsal takvim ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na, Maylar\u2019\u0131n \u201d 1 IMIX\u201d a\u0131d\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri tarih ise M.\u00d6 1358 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. Buna g\u00f6re ayinsel ve normal takvimlerin birbirlerinden 35 y\u0131l arayla olu\u015fturulmu\u015f olmalar\u0131 olas\u0131d\u0131r ve hatta iki sistemde ayn\u0131 ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/11107723_1576656742608195_1294117705668906042_n.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-medium wp-image-130 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/11107723_1576656742608195_1294117705668906042_n-300x280.jpg\" alt=\"11107723_1576656742608195_1294117705668906042_n\" width=\"300\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/11107723_1576656742608195_1294117705668906042_n-300x280.jpg 300w, http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/11107723_1576656742608195_1294117705668906042_n.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Bir zaman \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri olan Izapal\u0131lar\u0131n neden ikinci bir sistem geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi sorusunun cevab\u0131, tar\u0131msal nedenlerle oldu\u011fudur. Izapan\u0131n birka\u00e7 km bat\u0131s\u0131nda kaz\u0131lar yapan Yeni D\u00fcnya Arkeoloji vakf\u0131 M.\u00d6 1400 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan \u00f6ncelere ait katmanlarda, ok yada m\u0131zrak ba\u015f\u0131 olamayacak kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, sert ve siyah ta\u015ftan yontulmu\u015f y\u00fczlerce yonga bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Onlara g\u00f6re bu besin kayna\u011f\u0131 olan manyek bitkisinin rendesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. M.\u00d6 1400 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra bu yongalar yerini m\u0131s\u0131r \u00f6\u011f\u00fctmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan aletlere b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Olmeklerden daha eski, Mayalardan da geli\u015fmi\u015f Izapa, Mezoamerika\u2019 n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi olmu\u015f olmal\u0131yd\u0131lar. Bu fikir onlar\u0131n uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kleri hakk\u0131nda kavramlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 t\u00fcmden de\u011fi\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Mezoamerika\u2019 daki takvimlerin ilk do\u011fu\u015f yeri olmas\u0131 Izapay\u0131 Yeni D\u00fcnya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilk ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olarak g\u00f6rmekle beraber, ayn\u0131 zamanda Izapal\u0131lar M\u0131knat\u0131slanman\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fini de biliyorlard\u0131 ve Mezoamerika\u2019 daki ilk piramidi yapanlarda onlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Izapal\u0131lar\u0131n denize a\u00e7\u0131lan bir halk oldu\u011fu ve uzun bir zaman boyunca Ekvator gibi \u00fclkelerle ili\u015fkide olduklar\u0131 eldeki kan\u0131tlardan anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Izapada bir\u00e7ok yap\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fc Tacana yanarda\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fckt\u00fcr. En y\u00fcksek da\u011f olan Tajumulco g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeyken niye ikinci en y\u00fcksek da\u011fa y\u00f6neli\u015f oldu\u011fu, Pasifik k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Tacana, Tajumulco\u2019dan daha y\u00fcksek g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Denizden 180 km a\u00e7\u0131ktan bile g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Eski Izapal\u0131lar i\u00e7in bu da\u011f bir nevi deniz feneri g\u00f6revi \u00fcstlenmi\u015f olabilir. Izapaya ilk gelenler b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtimalle Pasifik k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Arkeolog ve bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu 11.000 km geni\u015fli\u011findeki Pasifik\u2019i ge\u00e7menin olanaks\u0131z oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleseler de Izapal\u0131lar ile Polinezyal\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 benzerlikler i\u00e7in bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00c7in ve baz\u0131 Orta Amerika uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131nda k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 benzerlikler vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00c7in\u2019 de bir soylu \u00f6l\u00fcnce dilinin alt\u0131na k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ye\u015fim ta\u015f\u0131 yerle\u015ftirilirken ayn\u0131 uygulama Maya rahipleri i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu bir rastlant\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r yoksa Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131ndaki yabanc\u0131 bir uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00f6pr\u00fcba\u015f\u0131m\u0131?<\/p>\n<p>Al\u0131nt\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00dc\u00e7 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce g\u00fcney Meksika\u2019n\u0131n Pasifik k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 ovalar\u0131nda orta Amerika\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yanarda\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6lgesi alt\u0131nda G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131ndan bir rahibe, Mezoamerika\u2019 daki insan tarihini de\u011fi\u015ftirecek bir a\u00e7\u0131klama geldi. Rahip 13 A\u011fustos dedi\u011fimiz g\u00fcnde (B\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131k M.\u00d6 1358) hi\u00e7bir a\u011fac\u0131n, dire\u011fin ya da s\u00fctunun, di\u011fer bir de\u011fi\u015fle dikey olan hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin g\u00f6lge b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc. B\u00f6yle mucizevi &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":127,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gizemli-arkeolojik-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=125"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":132,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125\/revisions\/132"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}