{"id":196,"date":"2015-06-18T21:07:41","date_gmt":"2015-06-18T18:07:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/?p=196"},"modified":"2016-01-01T17:39:25","modified_gmt":"2016-01-01T15:39:25","slug":"sabiiler-mandenler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/2015\/06\/sabiiler-mandenler\/","title":{"rendered":"SAB\u0130\u0130LER (MANDENLER)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"11001916_1546204008986802_1571647392975118882_n\"<\/a>Sabii ad\u0131 kimilerine g\u00f6re \u2018Vaftiz edenler\u2019 anlam\u0131na gelmekte olup, \u0130branicedeki veya Mandeen dilindeki \u2018Sabaa\u2019 (vaftiz olmak) s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Araplar taraf\u0131ndan \u201cS\u00e2bi\u00ee\u201d (Subbi ya da Subb\u00e2) bi\u00e7iminde adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu topluluk, kendilerine \u201cMandenler\u201d (bilgili olanlar, arifler anlam\u0131nda) ad\u0131n\u0131 verir. Kendileri i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bir di\u011fer ad \u201cNasuralar\u201dd\u0131r (kutsal \u00f6\u011fretileri koruyanlar anlam\u0131nda. Manden ad\u0131 t\u00fcm topluluk \u00fcyeleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, Nasura ad\u0131 yaln\u0131zca din adamlar\u0131, toplulu\u011fun ileri gelenleri ve atalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Mandenler, ayr\u0131 bir dil olan Mandence konu\u015furlar.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle Harran Ovas\u0131nda (Urfa) ve \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00f6nemlerde Babil\u2019 de ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn-Filistin topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, Musa Peygamber\u2019 in geli\u015finden \u00e7ok \u00f6nce tek Tanr\u0131 inanc\u0131na sahip bir toplulu\u011fun dinine verilen ad. Y\u0131ld\u0131z ve gezegenlere en fazla \u00f6nem veren Sabiiler, Harran Sabiileri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u015eit Peygamber\u2019 e \u00f6zel bir \u00f6nem veren Sabiilerin, kendilerine g\u00f6re, eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019 a getirilmi\u015f \u00e7ok eski bir din olup, \u00c2dem zaman\u0131ndan beri mevcuttur. Tarihsel ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 tam olarak bilinmeyen Sabiilik, kimilerine g\u00f6re ezoterik bir ekold\u00fcr. Sabiiler uzun zaman b\u00fcnyelerinde Esseniler\u2019 deki gibi bir inisiyatik sistemi bar\u0131nd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve ezoterik doktrini \u00e7e\u015fitli etkilere ra\u011fmen binlerce y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yaln\u0131zca Irak\u2019 ta, Dicle ve F\u0131rat k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan, say\u0131lar\u0131 20 bin civar\u0131nda olan Sabiiler,n dini ile \u00f6zg\u00fcn Sabiilik aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck farklar vard\u0131r. Kutsal ve ezoterik metinlerini k\u0131smen koruyabilmi\u015flerse de, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Sabiiler inisiyatik \u00f6zelliklerini yitirmi\u015f durumdad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Her ne kadar bug\u00fcn Irak\u2019 ta ya\u015fayan Sabiiler Musa, \u0130sa, ve Muhammed peygamberleri \u00f6nemsemiyorlarsa da, \u00f6zg\u00fcn Sabiilik mensuplar\u0131, tarih boyunca her yeni tek Tanr\u0131l\u0131 dine s\u0131cak bakm\u0131\u015f olup, \u00e7o\u011fu kendi inan\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndaki gibi tek Tanr\u0131l\u0131 olan bu yeni dinleri, kendi inisiyatik sistemlerini terk etmeden, ezoterik k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131yla benimsemi\u015ftir. Nitekim Kur\u2019an da Sabiiler Museviler ve Hristiyanlar\u2019 la birlikte \u2018Kitap ehli\u2019 olarak, yani iman edenlerden say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130nan\u00e7lar:<\/strong><\/p>\n

a)Kutsal Metinler:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pek zengin bir dinsel literat\u00fcre sahip olan Sabiiler\u2019in kutsal metinleri iki ana grupta toplan\u0131r: Yaz\u0131l\u0131 metinler ve \u00e7anak ve tabletler \u00fczerindeki giz metinleri. Sabiiler\u2019in kutsal kitaplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli yeri \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 kitap tutar: \u201cGinza\u201d, \u201cDra\u015fia-d Yahya\u201d ve \u201cQolasta\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cGinza\u201d (Hazine), yakla\u015f\u0131k 600 sayfad\u0131r ve \u201cAdem\u2019in Kitab\u0131\u201d diye de adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli dualar, teoloji, mitoloji, \u00f6l\u00fcm ve \u00f6l\u00fcm sonras\u0131 gibi konular\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

\u201cDra\u015fia-d Yahya\u201d (Yahya\u2019n\u0131n \u00d6\u011fretileri), b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Yahya\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretilerini konu alan bir kitapt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cQolasta\u201d (\u00d6vg\u00fc) ise vaftiz, rit\u00fcelik yemekler, ibadetlerle ilgili dualar ve \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir kitapt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131l\u0131 metinler aras\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca din adamlar\u0131nca kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilen ezoterik metinler de vard\u0131r. \u201cAlf Trisar \u015euialia\u201d (Bin on iki Soru), \u201cAlma Ri\u015faia Rabba\u201d (B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130lk Evren) ve \u201cAlma Ri\u015faia Zuta\u201d (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u0130lk Evren) bu kitaplara \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir. Bunlar genellikle teoloji ve mitoloji anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7e\u015fitli konularla ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ilgilenen divan, \u015ferh ve tefsirler de mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

Astroloji ile ilgili yaz\u0131l\u0131 metinler, daha \u00e7ok kehanet, cin kovma, ebced hesab\u0131na benzer y\u00f6ntemlerle ki\u015fisel olaylar\u0131n yorumlanmas\u0131 konusunda bilgiler i\u00e7ermektedirler. Bunlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlisi \u201cSfar Malva\u015fia\u201dd\u0131r (Bur\u00e7lar Kitab\u0131).<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmayan giz metinleri ise \u00e7e\u015fitli durumlarda hastal\u0131k, b\u00fcy\u00fc, afet ve benzer k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7anak, \u00e7\u00f6mlek \u00fczerine ya da metal ve papir\u00fcs sayfalara yaz\u0131lan k\u0131sa muskalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sabiiler, kutsal metinlerinin yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015fta Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00c2dem\u2019e verildi\u011fine inan\u0131rlar. Sabiiler\u2019in dinsel literat\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan incelemeler, bu metinlerin genellikle \u0130.S. II \u2013 III. y\u00fcz y\u0131llarda derlendi\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Sabiiler\u2019in kutsal metinleri Aramice\u2019nin do\u011fu leh\u00e7elerinden biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilen Mandence ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcndelik ya\u015famlar\u0131nda Arap\u00e7a konu\u015fan Sabiiler, bu dili anlamadan sadece ibadet dili olarak kullan\u0131rlar. Mandence\u2019yi okuyup yazabilme ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131zca din adamlar\u0131na aittir.<\/p>\n

b)Tanr\u0131 Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sabiiler\u2019in dinsel anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle gnostik d\u00fcalizm temeline dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bu ikili anlay\u0131\u015fta, bir yanda \u201cI\u015f\u0131k Evreni\u201d, di\u011fer yanda ise \u201cKaranl\u0131k Evreni\u201d bulunmaktad\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131k Evreni\u2019nin y\u00f6neticisi, \u201cY\u00fcce Ya\u015fam\u201d, \u201cKudretli Ruh\u201d ya da \u201cY\u00fcceli\u011fin Efendisi\u201d gibi niteliklerle de adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u201cMalka-d Nhura\u201dd\u0131r (I\u015f\u0131k Kral\u0131). Malka-d Nhura\u2019n\u0131n, en \u00fcst\u00fcn niteliklere sahip oldu\u011funa ve t\u00fcm eksikliklerden uzak bulundu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Malka-d Nhura\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7evresinde say\u0131s\u0131z \u201cI\u015f\u0131k Varl\u0131klar\u0131\u201d vard\u0131r. Bu varl\u0131klar \u201cUthria\u201d (Zenginler) ya da \u201cMalkia\u201d (Krallar) diye adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bunlar da her t\u00fcrl\u00fc k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten uzak varl\u0131klard\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131k Evreni her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yokluk, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck, eksiklik, yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k ve \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckten ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fczen ve verimlili\u011fi simgeleyen \u201cHiia\u201d (Ya\u015fam) ilkesinden t\u00fcreyen I\u015f\u0131k Evreni\u2019nin Kuzey\u2019de oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcalizmin di\u011fer y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan Karanl\u0131k Evreni de benzer bir yap\u0131lanmaya sahiptir. Bu evrenin ba\u015f\u0131nda, bir ad\u0131 da \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Canavar\u201d olan \u201cMalka d H\u015fuka\u201d (Karanl\u0131k Kral\u0131) bulunur. O, say\u0131s\u0131z k\u00f6t\u00fc varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin yay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r; k\u00f6t\u00fc niteliklerin t\u00fcm\u00fcne sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Aslan ba\u015fl\u0131, ejder g\u00f6vdeli, kartal kanatl\u0131 ve kaplumba\u011fa s\u0131rtl\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen Malka-d H\u015fuka, solu\u011fu ile demiri eritir ve bak\u0131\u015f\u0131yla da\u011flar\u0131 sarsar. Yine de, Malka-d Nhura\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in aptal ve sersem oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131r. Karanl\u0131k Evreni yokluk, eksiklik ve d\u00fczensizli\u011fi simgeleyen \u201cKara Su\u201d (Kaos) ilkesi taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bu evrenin g\u00fcneyde bulundu\u011fu varsay\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Malka-d H\u015fuka\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda say\u0131s\u0131z k\u00f6t\u00fc varl\u0131k, devler, canavarlar, \u015feytanlar ve k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlar bulunur. Bunlara ek olarak, Karanl\u0131k Evreni\u2019ne d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ya da kaderin bir sonucu olarak buraya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f baz\u0131 I\u015f\u0131k Varl\u0131klar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n \u00f6nderi olan \u201cRuha\u201d, \u00f6zellikle evrenin ve insan\u0131n yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri harekete ge\u00e7iren di\u015fi fig\u00fcr olarak Malka-d H\u015fuka\u2019y\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtan ve bu nedenle Karanl\u0131k Evrenine mahk\u00fbm olan bir I\u015f\u0131k Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca I\u015f\u0131k Evreni ile Karanl\u0131k Evreni aras\u0131nda arac\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren \u201cYu\u015famin\u201d, \u201cAbatur\u201d ve \u201cPtahil\u201d gibi varl\u0131klar da mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

Hem Malka-d Nhura, hem de Malka-d H\u015fuka ezeli ve ebedi varl\u0131klard\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n sonu gelince t\u00fcm k\u00f6t\u00fc varl\u0131klar yok olacaklar, ancak kaos ilkesi ile Malka-d H\u015fuka kendi evrenlerinde tutsak olarak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sonsuza kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcreceklerdir.<\/p>\n

c) Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"11017549_1546204052320131_1184868975751527185_n\"<\/a>Sabiiler ‘e g\u00f6re, evrenin ve insan\u0131n yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 iyilik ile k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn aras\u0131ndaki ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sava\u015f\u0131n bir sonucudur. Evren yarat\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce, I\u015f\u0131k Evreni ile Karanl\u0131k Evreni birbirinden t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ayr\u0131 durumdad\u0131rlar. Yap\u0131s\u0131 gere\u011fi Karanl\u0131k Evreni d\u00fczensizli\u011fi simgeleyen Kara Su\u2019dan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur; ya\u015fam ve verimlilik \u00f6\u011felerini i\u00e7ermedi\u011fi i\u00e7in orada hi\u00e7 bir varl\u0131k yoktur.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00fczden Malka-d H\u015fuka, kimi I\u015f\u0131k Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tutsak etmeyi planlamaktad\u0131r. Bu durumdan haberdar olan Malka-d Nhura kendi el\u00e7isi olan \u201cManda d Hiia\u201dy\u0131 (Ya\u015fam El\u00e7isi) \u00f6zel g\u00f6revle gizlice Karanl\u0131k Evren\u2019e g\u00f6nderir. Kutsal silahlar\u0131 sayesinde Manda d Hiia, Karanl\u0131k Kral\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yakalar ve zincire vurur. Ancak bu s\u0131rada I\u015f\u0131k Evreni\u2019nde ya\u015fayan Yu\u015famin ve Abatur gibi kimi I\u015f\u0131k Varl\u0131klar\u0131 meraktan iki evrenin aras\u0131ndaki perdeyi aralarlar ve Kara Su\u2019ya bakarlar. \u0130\u015fte onlar\u0131n bu merak\u0131, I\u015f\u0131k Evreni\u2019nden d\u00fc\u015fmelerine neden olur. I\u015f\u0131k Evreni\u2019ne geri d\u00f6nmek isterler, ancak ilahi kader gere\u011fi bu art\u0131k olanakl\u0131 olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130kinci Ya\u015fam\u201d ve \u201c\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ya\u015fam\u201d olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan Yu\u015famin ve Abatur\u2019un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fleri evrenin ve insan\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemlidir. Bunlar I\u015f\u0131k ve Karanl\u0131k Evrenleri aras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rda kal\u0131rlar ve kendilerine ait yeni bir evren kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlarsa da ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamazlar. Abatur, Kara Su\u2019ya bakar ve kendi yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bu yans\u0131madan \u201cD\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Ya\u015fam\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Ptahil olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

\"1782034_1546204842320052_7820362478133138360_n\"<\/a>Kara Su\u2019yun i\u00e7inde kendini kurtarmaya \u00e7abalayan Ptahil\u2019i daha \u00f6nceden Karanl\u0131k Evren\u2019e at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Ruha g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Ruha gider ve Malka-d H\u015fuka\u2019n\u0131n zincirlerini \u00e7\u00f6zer. \u0130kisi birlikte Ptahil\u2019e dost g\u00f6r\u00fcnerek, Ptahil\u2019i maddi d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yaratmas\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131rlar. Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 sonradan Ptahil\u2019in yarataca\u011f\u0131 bu maddi d\u00fcnyaya egemen olmakt\u0131r. Bu arada Ruha ile Malka d H\u015fuka birle\u015firler ve bu birle\u015fmeden k\u00f6t\u00fc varl\u0131klar olan yedi gezegen ve oniki bur\u00e7 do\u011far. Ptahil, I\u015f\u0131k Kral\u0131 Malka d Nhura\u2019ya kurtulmak i\u00e7in yalvar\u0131r. Malka d Nhura, Ptahil\u2019e \u201cYa\u015fam I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201dn\u0131 verir. B\u00f6ylece Ptahil d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yarat\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n maddi y\u00f6nleri Kara Su\u2019dan, ya\u015fam ve verimlilik ta\u015f\u0131yan y\u00f6nleri Ya\u015fam I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan olu\u015fur. Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f tamamlan\u0131nca Malka d H\u015fuka, Ya\u015fam I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ka\u00e7mamas\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7evresine kendi k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olan yedi gezegen ile on iki burcu dizer; d\u00fcnyay\u0131 Ptahil\u2019in elinden al\u0131r ve cinler, \u015feytanlar gibi k\u00f6t\u00fc varl\u0131klarla doldurur.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi Mandenler\u2019in inanc\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Malka d Nhura de\u011fil, d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bir I\u015f\u0131k Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan Ptahil\u2019dir ve gnostik yakla\u015f\u0131mda s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u201cDemiurgos\u201d rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lerin eline ge\u00e7ti\u011fini g\u00f6ren Ptahil, en az\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyada kendisini simgeleyecek bir varl\u0131k bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 arzular ve insan\u0131 yaratmay\u0131 planlar. Ancak k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7ler yine i\u015fe kar\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar ve onu kand\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131rlar; yarat\u0131lan sadece bedendir; ya\u015fam \u00f6\u011fesinden yoksun oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in cans\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ptahil, bedene can vermek i\u00e7in t\u00fcrl\u00fc yollar\u0131 dener ancak ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olur. Bunun \u00fczerine Malka d Nhura\u2019ya kendisine yard\u0131m etmesi i\u00e7in yalvar\u0131r. Bu yakar\u0131\u015fa yan\u0131t olarak I\u015f\u0131k Kral\u0131, insan\u0131n ruhunu I\u015f\u0131k Evreni\u2019nden yery\u00fcz\u00fcne indirir ve Manda d Hiia arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile cans\u0131z bedene yerle\u015ftirir. Bunun \u00fczerine \u201c\u00c2dem\u201d aya\u011fa kalkar.<\/p>\n

Sabiiler\u2019e g\u00f6re \u00c2dem ilk inanan ki\u015fidir. I\u015f\u0131k Kral\u0131 insan\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc varl\u0131klar\u0131n eline b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015f, ruhun bedene konulu\u015fu ile birlikte, insan\u0131 e\u011fitmesi i\u00e7in Manda-d Hiia\u2019y\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015ftir. \u0130nsan\u0131 korumak \u00fczere \u201cHibil\u201d, \u201c\u015eitil\u201d ve \u201cAnu\u015f\u201d adlar\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 muhaf\u0131z yollam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece yarat\u0131lan ilk insan I\u015f\u0131k Kral\u0131\u2019na ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00c2dem\u2019in yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde yaln\u0131z kalmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cHavva\u201d yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c2dem ile Havva\u2019n\u0131n evliliklerinden \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131z ve \u00fc\u00e7 erkek karde\u015f do\u011fmu\u015f ve bunlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla insanl\u0131k \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

d) \u0130nsan ve Kurtulu\u015f Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sabiiler\u2019e g\u00f6re insan madde ve ruhtan olu\u015fan iki farkl\u0131 \u00f6\u011feden meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Beden, madde olarak k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck ve karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ruh ise iyilik ve ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 simgeler. Beden, varl\u0131k olarak k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe aittir. Oysa ruh, tanr\u0131sal I\u015f\u0131k Evreni\u2019nden gelerek bedene konulmu\u015ftur. Bedene yerle\u015ftirilen ruh bu durumdan hi\u00e7 ho\u015fnut de\u011fildir ve I\u015f\u0131k Evreni\u2019ne yeniden y\u00fckselmek istemektedir.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan, yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7ler ellerine d\u00fc\u015fen bu I\u015f\u0131k Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmamak i\u00e7in \u00e7epe\u00e7evre ku\u015fatarak, \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fcnya nimetleri ile h\u0131rs, \u015fehvet, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k gibi duygularla bu d\u00fcnyaya ba\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Ruh, beden i\u00e7inde bir tutsak ya\u015fam\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

Sabii inan\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, kurtulu\u015f yaln\u0131zca ruh i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olabilir, zira beden maddi d\u00fcnyaya aittir. Ruhun kurtulu\u015fu ise, bedenden ve d\u00fcnyadan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ile olanakl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kurtulu\u015f u\u011fruna ruhun, do\u011fru inan\u00e7 ve ibadetlere ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gereklidir. Ancak bu bile yetersiz kalabilir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Sabiiler\u2019e g\u00f6re tek kurtulu\u015f, \u201cTanr\u0131sal Bilgi\u201dye sahip olmakla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu bilgi, kazan\u0131lan ya da \u00f6\u011frenilen bir bilgi de\u011fil, ancak verilen, bah\u015fedilen bir bilgidir. \u0130nsan\u0131n kurtulu\u015f i\u00e7in yapmas\u0131 gereken, bu bilgiyi alabilece\u011fi uygun ortam\u0131 haz\u0131rlamakt\u0131r. Bu da inan\u00e7 ve ibadetlerle olabilir. Tanr\u0131sal Bilgi\u2019ye sahip olan ruh, maddi d\u00fcnyadan temizlenerek tanr\u0131sal I\u015f\u0131k Evreni\u2019ne, y\u00fcce I\u015f\u0131k Kral\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131na y\u00fckselir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk kurtulu\u015f \u00f6rne\u011fi \u00c2dem\u2019in ki\u015fili\u011finde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Yarat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra \u00c2dem, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten uzak kalm\u0131\u015f, I\u015f\u0131k Kral\u0131\u2019na itaat etmi\u015f ve kendi kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in yakarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u00c2dem\u2019e Manda d Hiia arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Tanr\u0131sal Bilgi iletilmi\u015f, \u00c2dem\u2019in ruhu I\u015f\u0131k Evreni\u2019ne y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

e) K\u0131yamet Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"10346514_1546205385653331_5385655214427622390_n\"<\/a>Sabiiler, \u00c2dem\u2019in yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan k\u0131yamete kadar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 480.000 y\u0131l s\u00fcrece\u011fini varsayarlar. Bu s\u00fcre d\u00f6rde ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c2dem ile ba\u015flayan ilk d\u00f6nem 216.000 y\u0131l s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve sonunda insanl\u0131k k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ve hastal\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yok edilmi\u015ftir. Yaln\u0131zca bir \u00e7ift insan hayatta kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci d\u00f6nem 156.000 y\u0131l s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve insanl\u0131k bu kez ate\u015f ile yok olmu\u015f; yine bir \u00e7ift insan kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bin y\u0131l s\u00fcren \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00f6nem sonunda insanl\u0131k su ile yok edilmi\u015f; sadece \u201cNuh\u201d ve ailesi ya\u015famay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130\u00e7inde bulunulan son d\u00f6nem Nuh ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olup, k\u0131yamete kadar 8.000 y\u0131l s\u00fcrecektir.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00f6nemin son 2.000 y\u0131l\u0131, Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn kurulmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck ve sava\u015flar\u0131n giderek artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cAhir Zaman\u201dd\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde Sabiiler\u2019e y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet ve bask\u0131lar yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r; k\u0131tl\u0131k, kurakl\u0131k, salg\u0131nlar ve do\u011fal afetler artar. K\u0131yamete dair \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015faretler g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu i\u015faretlerin ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n okyanusa d\u00fc\u015fmesi, yedi denizin sular\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131zarmas\u0131; bu sulardan i\u00e7enlerin k\u0131s\u0131r olmas\u0131 ve son olarak da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir f\u0131rt\u0131nan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu i\u015faretlerden sonra \u201cPra\u015fai Siva\u201d (Son Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131) \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r. Bir anlamda \u201cMehdi\u201d olan Pra\u015fai Siva d\u00f6neminde t\u00fcm k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler son bulacak, sava\u015flar ve t\u00fcm do\u011fal afetler kaybolacakt\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nem bir \u201cAlt\u0131n \u00c7a\u011f\u201d olacakt\u0131r. Mehdi\u2019nin egemenli\u011fi k\u0131yamete kadar s\u00fcrecektir.<\/p>\n

K\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00f6nce havan\u0131n zehirlenmesi ile t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar \u00f6lecek, sonra gezegenler ve bur\u00e7lar yok olacakt\u0131r. K\u0131yametten sonra t\u00fcm ruhlar i\u00e7in genel hesap yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. \u00d6len insanlar\u0131n ruhlar\u0131 yedi gezegenden ge\u00e7erek Abatur\u2019un terazisine ve oradan da I\u015f\u0131k Evreni\u2019ne y\u00fckselir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6len ki\u015fi e\u011fer iyi ve inan\u00e7l\u0131 bir ki\u015fiyse ruhu, gezegenleri h\u0131zla ge\u00e7er ve I\u015f\u0131k Evreni\u2019ndeki \u201cM\u015funai Ku\u015fta\u201d adl\u0131 cennete ula\u015f\u0131r. \u00d6len ki\u015fi g\u00fcnahk\u00e2rsa, onun ruhu gezegenlerde kal\u0131r ve i\u015fkencelere u\u011frar. K\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fc, gezegenlerde tutulan ruhlar da Abatur\u2019un terazisinden ge\u00e7erek, g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n\u0131n son cezas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmek \u00fczere bir t\u00fcr cehennem olan \u201cSuf\u201d Denizine at\u0131lacaklard\u0131r. G\u00fcnahlar\u0131n\u0131n cezas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlayan ruhlar I\u015f\u0131k Evreni\u2019ne y\u00fckselecektir. Sabii olmayanlar ise sonsuza kadar Suf Denizinde kalacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

f) \u0130badet:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"10924783_1546205532319983_3085466198776783677_n\"<\/a>Sabiiler\u2019in ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131 dinsel kurallarla s\u0131k\u0131 bir disiplin alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ruhun kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in ibadet \u015fartt\u0131r. Sabii ibadetleri aras\u0131nda en \u00f6nemlisi vaftizdir. \u201cMasbuta\u201d, \u201cTama\u015fa\u201d ve \u201cRi\u015fama\u201d bi\u00e7imlerinde \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fit vaftiz vard\u0131r. Tam vaftiz olan \u201cMasbuta\u201d bir din adam\u0131 g\u00f6zetiminde akarsuya t\u00fcm\u00fcyle dal\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kma bi\u00e7iminde uygulan\u0131r ve haftada bir kez pazar g\u00fcnleri yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/p>\n

\u201cTama\u015fa\u201d ise bir din adam\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131 olmadan ki\u015finin kendi ba\u015f\u0131na akarsuya \u00fc\u00e7 kez dal\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u015flemidir ve ancak kavga, k\u00fcf\u00fcr etmek, yalan s\u00f6ylemek gibi dinsel bak\u0131mdan kirli say\u0131lan eylemler sonras\u0131nda uygulan\u0131r. \u201cRi\u015fama\u201d ise \u0130slam\u2019daki abdeste benzer bi\u00e7imde uygulanan bir vaftiz t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Vaftizin kesinlikle bir akarsuda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Sabiiler, akarsular\u0131 I\u015f\u0131k Evreni ile ili\u015fkili g\u00f6r\u00fcrler ve onlar\u0131 \u201cYa\u015fam Suyu\u201d diye adland\u0131r\u0131rlar. Haftada en az bir kere uygulanan vaftizin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda dinsel bayramlarda, evlilik, do\u011fum, \u00f6l\u00fcm, yolculuk gibi durumlarda da vaftiz uygulamaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

\u0130badetler aras\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle d\u00fczenlenen t\u00f6renler ve yemekler de \u00f6nemli bir yer tutar. \u00d6l\u00fcm sonras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u201cMasiqta\u201d adl\u0131 t\u00f6ren, \u00f6len ki\u015finin ruhunun I\u015f\u0131k Evreni\u2019ne h\u0131zla ula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uygulan\u0131r. Bu t\u00f6rende din adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u00f6zel yemekler, belirli rit\u00fceller vas\u0131tas\u0131yla yenilir. \u00d6l\u00fcm d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, rahipli\u011fe giri\u015f t\u00f6reni (inisiyasyon) ve tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n temizlenmesi gibi nedenlerle de rit\u00fcelik yemekler d\u00fczenlenir. Bu t\u00fcr ayin yemeklerinden \u00f6nce din adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcvercin ve ko\u00e7 kurban edilmesi de s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen uygulamalardand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 kez g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ve iki kez gece olmak \u00fczere g\u00fcn\u00fcn belirli saatlerinde I\u015f\u0131k Kral\u0131na dua ederler. Bu dualar y\u00fczler kuzeye d\u00f6n\u00fclerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Y\u0131l\u0131n belirli g\u00fcnlerini u\u011fursuz kabul ederler ve b\u00f6yle g\u00fcnlerde i\u015f yapmamaya, d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmamaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterirler. Y\u0131l\u0131n belirli g\u00fcnlerinde de bayram yaparlar. En \u00f6nemli bayramlar\u0131, bir t\u00fcr bahar bayram\u0131 olan, be\u015f g\u00fcn boyunca kutlanan \u201cPanja\u201d ya da \u201cParvania\u201d bayram\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer gnostik geleneklerin aksine, Sabiiler\u2019de d\u00fcnyadan elini ete\u011fini \u00e7ekerek bir inziva ya\u015fam\u0131 s\u00fcrmek bi\u00e7iminde uygulamalara yer yoktur. Her ne kadar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na inansalar da evlilik, \u00e7ocuk sahibi olma ya da i\u015f kurma gibi olaylara \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verirler.<\/p>\n

Sabiiler tap\u0131naklar\u0131na \u201cMandi\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verirler. Tap\u0131naklar, genellikle bir akarsu yak\u0131n\u0131nda, kuzeye bakan, g\u00fcney taraf\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kap\u0131s\u0131 olan, penceresiz, bas\u0131k bir kul\u00fcbeden ibarettir. Bu yap\u0131n\u0131n akarsuya ba\u011flanan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir vaftiz havuzu vard\u0131r. Tap\u0131nak i\u00e7inde herhangi bir d\u00f6\u015feme ya da s\u00fcsleme bulunmaz, burada ibadet de yap\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n

Mandi asl\u0131nda I\u015f\u0131k Evreni\u2019nin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir modeli, bir simgesi olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. Mandilere yaln\u0131zca din adamlar\u0131 girebilir. Onlar da sadece belirli zamanlarda girerler. Bu bak\u0131mdan Mandinin bir tap\u0131nak oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek bile zordur; zira tap\u0131naktan \u00e7ok bir k\u00fclt kul\u00fcbesi niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n

Toplumsal Yap\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"11018184_1546205462319990_8191884747578631028_n\"<\/a>Sabiiler\u2019de birbirinden kesin \u00e7izgilerle ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f toplumsal kastlar mevcut de\u011fildir. Bununla birlikte topluluk i\u00e7inde dini t\u00f6renleri y\u00f6neten bir din adamlar\u0131 grubu bulunur. Kuramsal olarak bedence sa\u011flam, soyunda bir sapk\u0131nl\u0131k ya da dinden d\u00f6nme olmayan herkes din adam\u0131 olabilir. Ancak uygulamada din adaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 babadan o\u011fula ge\u00e7en bir meslek gibidir.<\/p>\n

Din adam\u0131 olacak ki\u015filer uzun bir s\u00fcre bir ba\u015fka din adam\u0131 g\u00f6zetiminde adayl\u0131k ve \u00f6\u011frencilik d\u00f6nemi ge\u00e7irirler. Daha sonra d\u00fczenlenen bir inisiyasyon t\u00f6reni ile din adam\u0131 olurlar. Din adaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6rt dereceden olu\u015fan bir hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Yard\u0131mc\u0131 din adamlar\u0131na \u201cA\u015fganda\u201d ad\u0131 verilir. Normal din adamlar\u0131na \u201cTarmida\u201d denir. \u201cGanzibra\u201d derecesi ise y\u00f6resel ba\u015frahiplik d\u00fczeyidir. En \u00fcst dereceye \u201cRi\u015fAma\u201d ad\u0131 verilir ve Manden toplulu\u011funun \u00f6nderi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

\"11015084_1546204745653395_3081602687840541429_n\"<\/a>Toplulu\u011fun t\u00fcm \u00fcyeleri kutsal elbise olan \u201cRasta\u201dy\u0131 s\u00fcrekli giymek zorundad\u0131r. Rasta, uzun beyaz bir elbisedir. Rasta\u2019s\u0131z \u00f6lmek, \u00f6l\u00fcm sonras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck cezalar getirecektir. Bu nedenle Sabiiler, d\u0131\u015f elbiselerinin alt\u0131na daima Rasta\u2019lar\u0131n\u0131 giyerler.<\/p>\n

Din adamlar\u0131, Rasta\u2019ya ek olarak, baz\u0131 \u00f6zel e\u015fyalar da kullan\u0131rlar. Bunlar aras\u0131nda en \u00f6nemlisi sa\u011f el k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck parma\u011f\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nan alt\u0131n bir y\u00fcz\u00fckt\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca zeytin dal\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir asa, a\u011fz\u0131 ve burnu kapatacak bi\u00e7imde ba\u015fa sar\u0131lan beyaz bir sar\u0131k ve sa\u00e7lar\u0131 ba\u011flamak i\u00e7in ba\u015fa sar\u0131lan bir kurdele vard\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zca din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n giyebildikleri bu nesneler, din adam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde kendisi ile birlikte g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n

Topluluk \u00fcyeleri i\u00e7in bir dine kabul t\u00f6reni yoktur. Sabii bir aileden do\u011fan herkes toplulu\u011fun do\u011fal \u00fcyesi olarak kabul edilir. Sabii anne ya da babadan do\u011fmam\u0131\u015f bir kimsenin toplulu\u011fa kabul\u00fc olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Her topluluk \u00fcyesinin bir d\u00fcnyal\u0131k ad\u0131, bir de gizli ad\u0131 olmak \u00fczere iki ad\u0131 vard\u0131r. Gizli ad, do\u011fumda din adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan astrolojik hesaplar sonucunda verilir. Bu gizli ad yaln\u0131zca topluluk \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda ve dinsel t\u00f6renlerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Her \u00fcyenin toplulu\u011fun gizlilik ilkesine uymas\u0131 en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revidir. Sabii dininin herhangi bir kural\u0131 ya da \u00f6\u011fretisini, Sabii olmayanlara aktarmak en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah olarak de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Dharma Ansiklopedi, \u015einasi G\u00fcnd\u00fcz kitaplar\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli ansiklopedilerden derlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sabii ad\u0131 kimilerine g\u00f6re \u2018Vaftiz edenler\u2019 anlam\u0131na gelmekte olup, \u0130branicedeki veya Mandeen dilindeki \u2018Sabaa\u2019 (vaftiz olmak) s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Araplar taraf\u0131ndan \u201cS\u00e2bi\u00ee\u201d (Subbi ya da Subb\u00e2) bi\u00e7iminde adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu topluluk, kendilerine \u201cMandenler\u201d (bilgili olanlar, arifler anlam\u0131nda) ad\u0131n\u0131 verir. Kendileri i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bir di\u011fer ad \u201cNasuralar\u201dd\u0131r (kutsal \u00f6\u011fretileri koruyanlar anlam\u0131nda. Manden ad\u0131 t\u00fcm topluluk \u00fcyeleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":197,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kadim-uygarliklartopluluklar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=196"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":206,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/196\/revisions\/206"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}