{"id":2466,"date":"2015-07-22T11:26:03","date_gmt":"2015-07-22T08:26:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/?p=2466"},"modified":"2017-07-09T10:25:21","modified_gmt":"2017-07-09T07:25:21","slug":"sumer-astronomisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/2015\/07\/sumer-astronomisi\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fcmer Astronomisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"astrr\"<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00d6 3000. Merkezde G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in, \u00e7evresinde ise bug\u00fcn bildi\u011fimiz t\u00fcm gezegenlerin oldu\u011fu tam bir G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi’ni g\u00f6steren tablet, g\u00f6kcisimlerinin bilinen betimleme tarz\u0131ndan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131 teker teker de\u011fil de b\u00fcy\u00fck, \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar sa\u00e7an bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7embere alan bir grup olarak g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu, S\u00fcmerlilere g\u00f6re G\u00fcne\u015f sistemini g\u00f6steren bir betimlemedir: 12 g\u00f6k cismini i\u00e7eren bir sistem.<\/p>\n

Modern g\u00f6kbilimcili\u011fin t\u00fcm temel unsurlar\u0131 S\u00fcmer k\u00f6kenlidir. G\u00f6kk\u00fcre, ufuk ve ba\u015fucu, dairenin 360 dereceye b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi, \u00fcst\u00fcnde gezegenlerin g\u00fcne\u015f \u00e7evresinde d\u00f6nd\u00fckleri g\u00f6ksel bant, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar halinde grupland\u0131rma ve onlara zodyak dedi\u011fimiz adlar\u0131 ve resimli imgeleri atfetme, bu zodyak’ a ve zaman b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine 12 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 uygulama ve bug\u00fcne dek t\u00fcm takvimlerin temeli olan bir takvim tasarlama kavramlar\u0131. T\u00fcm bunlar ve daha fazlas\u0131 S\u00fcmer\u2019de ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0Mezopotamya astronomisinin sahas\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015ftir, zira sadece arkeologlar\u0131n bulduklar\u0131 bile metinlerden, yaz\u0131tlardan, m\u00fch\u00fcr bask\u0131lar\u0131ndan, r\u00f6lyeflerden, \u00e7izimlerden, g\u00f6k cisimleri listelerinden, takvimlerden, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in ve gezegenlerin do\u011fma ve batma zamanlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren tablolardan, tutulma tahminlerinden olu\u015fan bir da\u011f gibidir. Ancak daha sonraki tarihli metinler astronomikten ziyade astrolojiktir.<\/div>\n
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G\u00f6klerin ve g\u00f6k cisimlerinin hareketleri kudretli krallar\u0131n, tap\u0131nak rahiplerinin asli me\u015fgalesi haline gelmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Ancak astroloji bile kapsaml\u0131 ve do\u011fru bir astronomik bilgi gerektirmekteydi.\u00a0B\u00f6yle bir bilgiye sahip olan Mezopotamyal\u0131lar \u201csabit\u201d y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 \u201cgezinen\u201d gezegenlerden ay\u0131rt edebiliyor ve G\u00fcne\u015f ve Ay\u2019\u0131n ne sabit y\u0131ld\u0131z ne de s\u0131radan gezegenler olduklar\u0131n\u0131 biliyorlard\u0131. Kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlara, meteorlara ve di\u011fer g\u00f6ksel fenomenlere a\u015finayd\u0131lar; G\u00fcne\u015f, Ay ve D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n hareketleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri hesaplayabiliyor ve tutulmalar\u0131 tahmin edebiliyorlard\u0131. G\u00f6k cisimlerinin hareketlerini izliyor ve bunlar\u0131 D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi ve G\u00fcne\u015f merkezli sistem yoluyla kendi \u00e7evresinde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile ili\u015fkilendiriyorlard\u0131; D\u00fcnya semalar\u0131ndaki y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n ve gezegenlerin do\u011fu\u015funu ve bat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019e g\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00e7en bu sistem g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hala kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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\"constell-horz\"<\/a><\/div>\n
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Yukar\u0131da; Uruk’lu rahip-astronom Anu Bel\u015funu taraf\u0131ndan kopyalanan, Jupiter, Aslan ve Su Y\u0131lan\u0131 astronomik \u00f6zelliklerinin kaydedildi\u011fi M\u00d6 200’e tarihlenen astronomi tableti. Berlin M\u00fczesi VAT 7847.G\u00f6klerdeki g\u00f6k cisimlerinin D\u00fcnya\u2019ya ve birbirine g\u00f6re hareketlerinin ve konumlar\u0131n\u0131n izini s\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in, Babilliler ve Asurlular do\u011fru g\u00f6ksel takvimler tutuyordu. Bunlar, g\u00f6k cisimlerinin gelecekteki konumlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ralayan ve tahmin eden tablolard\u0131. Profes\u00f6r\u00a0George Sarton\u00a0[Chaldean Astronomy of the Last Three Centuries B.C. (Milatta \u00d6nceki Son \u00dc\u00e7 y\u00fcz Y\u0131ldaki Kalde Astronomisi)]\u00a0bunlar\u0131n iki metodla hesapland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. Daha yeni olan\u0131 Babil\u2019de kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, eskisi ise Uruk\u2019ta. Hi\u00e7 tahmin edilemeyen bulgular\u0131na g\u00f6re, daha eski olan Uruk metodu, daha sonraki sistemden daha geli\u015fmi\u015f ve do\u011fru idi.<\/p>\n

Bu \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 durumu, \u015fu sonuca vararak a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Kalde\u2019nin g\u00f6kbilimci rahipleri S\u00fcmer\u2019in yaz\u0131l\u0131 form\u00fcllerini ve geleneklerini izlemi\u015fken, Grek ve Romal\u0131lar\u0131n hatal\u0131 astronomik fikirleri d\u00fcnyay\u0131 geometrik terimlerle izah eden bir felsefeye kaymas\u0131ndan kaynaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.Mezopotamya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ile, di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok alanda oldu\u011fu gibi, astronomi alan\u0131nda da bilgimizin k\u00f6klerinin Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n derinliklerine g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011funa art\u0131k \u015f\u00fcphe kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu alanda da S\u00fcmer miras\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131yor ve bu miras\u0131 devam ettiriyoruz.\u00a0Sarton\u2019un \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar\u0131; son derece kesin olan takvimlerin onlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan Babilli g\u00f6kbilimcilerin g\u00f6zlemlerine dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmaktan dolay\u0131 \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frayan Profes\u00f6r O. Neugabauer\u2019in \u00e7ok kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla da g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015ftir. Aksine, bu tablolar, kullanan g\u00f6kbilimciler taraf\u0131ndan \u201cm\u00fcdahale edilemeyen,\u00a0 belirlenmi\u015f baz\u0131 sabit aritmetik \u015femalardan\u201d hesaplanmaktayd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

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\"c2bd1a7237c9-horz\"<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cAritmetik \u015femalara\u201d b\u00f6ylesine otomatik bir ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k, baz\u0131 \u201ckat\u0131 matematiksel teorilere\u201d g\u00f6re \u201ctakvimleri ad\u0131m ad\u0131m hesaplama kurallar\u0131n\u0131 veren\u201d ve bu takvimlere e\u015flik eden \u201ci\u015flem metinleri\u201d yard\u0131m\u0131yla sa\u011flan\u0131yordu.\u00a0\u00a0Neugabauer, Babilli g\u00f6kbilimcilerin takvimlerin ve matematiksel hesaplamalar\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 teorilerden bihaber olduklar\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, bu kesin tablolar\u0131n \u201cdeneysel ve teorik temelinin\u201d, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde modern bilginlerin de g\u00f6z\u00fcnden ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul eder. Yine de kadim astronomik teorilerin \u201cmevcut olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ok detayl\u0131 bir plan olmaks\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fcksek karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131ktaki hesaplama \u015femalar\u0131n\u0131n tasarlanmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamayaca\u011f\u0131\u201dna kanidir.<\/p>\n

Profes\u00f6r\u00a0(Do\u011fudaki Ruhbilimin Elkitab\u0131)], Mezopotamya astronomlar\u0131n\u0131n retrograd, yani sabit y\u0131ld\u0131zlara g\u00f6re do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya do\u011fru gider gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnme fenomenine a\u015fina olduklar\u0131 sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; bu, gezegenlerin D\u00fcnya\u2019dan g\u00f6r\u00fclen bariz ve d\u00fczensiz y\u0131lankavi yol al\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r ve sebebi de D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n, g\u00fcne\u015f \u00e7evresindeki y\u00f6r\u00fcngesini di\u011fer gezegenlerden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 veya yava\u015f tamamlamas\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir bilginin \u00f6nemi, sadece retrograd fenomeninin G\u00fcne\u015f \u00e7evresindeki y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerle ili\u015fkili bir fenomen olmas\u0131nda de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bu fenomeni kavrayabilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok uzun g\u00f6zlem d\u00f6nemlerinin gerekmesinde yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu karma\u015f\u0131k teoriler nas\u0131l geli\u015ftirilmi\u015fti; bu teorilerin geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in \u015fart olan g\u00f6zlemleri yapanlar kimlerdi? Neugabauer \u201ci\u015flem metinlerinde, anlamlar\u0131 k\u0131smen bilinse de okunu\u015flar\u0131 hi\u00e7\u00a0 bilinmeyen \u00e7ok say\u0131da teknik terimle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z\u201d diye belirtir. Babillilerden \u00e7ok \u00f6ncelerde birileri, Babil, Asur, M\u0131s\u0131r, Grek ve Roma gibi daha sonra gelen k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerindekinden \u00e7ok daha \u00fcst\u00fcn olan astronomi ve matematik bilgisine sahipti.<\/p>\n

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\"tarama0002\"<\/a>Babilliler ve Asurlular astronomi ile ilgili gayretlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011fru bir takvim tutmaya adad\u0131lar. Bug\u00fcn kullan\u0131lan Yahudi takvimi gibi bu da bir g\u00fcne\u015f-ay takvimi idi; 365 g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc biraz a\u015fan g\u00fcne\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131, 30 g\u00fcn\u00fcn biraz alt\u0131ndaki kameri ay aras\u0131nda uygunluk sa\u011fl\u0131yordu.\u00a0 Takvim i\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131 ve di\u011fer d\u00fcnyevi i\u015fler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemliydi; ama do\u011frulu\u011fu asl\u0131nda Yeni Y\u0131l\u2019\u0131n kesin g\u00fcn\u00fc ve an\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer bayramlar\u0131 ve tanr\u0131lara ibadeti belirlemek i\u00e7in gerekliydi.<\/p>\n

Mezopotamyal\u0131 g\u00f6kbilimci rahipler, G\u00fcne\u015f, D\u00fcnya, Ay ve gezegenlerin \u00e7etrefilli hareketlerini \u00f6l\u00e7mek ve birbirine uyumland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in karma\u015f\u0131k bir k\u00fcresel astronomiye g\u00fcvenmekteydi. D\u00fcnya bir ekvatoru ve kutuplar\u0131 olan bir k\u00fcre olarak ele al\u0131nmaktayd\u0131; g\u00f6kler de hayali ekvator ve kutup \u00e7izgileriyle ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00f6k cisimlerinin ge\u00e7i\u015fi ekliptik (tutulum), yani d\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6ksel k\u00fcre \u00fcst\u00fcnde G\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131ndaki y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinin d\u00fczleminin izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc; ekinokslar (G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in y\u0131l i\u00e7inde tutulum \u00fcst\u00fcnde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuzey ve g\u00fcney hareketi s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6k ekvatorunu kesti\u011fi g\u00fcn-t\u00fcn e\u015fitli\u011fi noktalar\u0131) ve g\u00fcnd\u00f6n\u00fcmleri (G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in y\u0131l i\u00e7inde tutulum boyunca yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hareket s\u0131ras\u0131nda kuzey ve g\u00fcneyde en \u00e7ok y\u00fckselimde oldu\u011fu zamanlar) ile ili\u015fkilendiriliyordu.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu astronomik kavramlar bug\u00fcn de kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Ama Babilliler ve Asurlular takvimi veya hesaplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dahiyane metotlar\u0131 icat etmediler. Onlar\u0131n takvimi ve bizimki de S\u00fcmer kaynakl\u0131d\u0131r. Bilginler orada, \u00e7ok eski zamanlardan beri kullan\u0131lan, sonraki b\u00fct\u00fcn takvimlerin temeli olan bir takvim buldular. Asli takvim ve model, Nippur\u2019un, yani Enlil\u2019in merkezinin takvimi idi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki de bu Nippur takvimine g\u00f6re \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir.\u00a0S\u00fcmerliler Yeni Y\u0131l\u2019\u0131n, g\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in bahar noktas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fi tam o anda ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteydiler.<\/p>\n

M\u00d6. 2400\u2019lerde bir Ur h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 olan Dungi taraf\u0131ndan b\u0131rak\u0131lan kan\u0131tlar\u0131n, Nippur takviminin, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 konumunun Yeni Y\u0131l\u2019\u0131n geli\u015finin kesin an\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan bir g\u00f6k cismini se\u00e7ti\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini bulmu\u015ftur. Bunun, \u201cbelki de Dungi devrinden 2000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce\u201d yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131r, yani M. 4400\u2019lerde !<\/p>\n

S\u00fcmerliler, ger\u00e7ekten de ellerinde ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7 olmasa da k\u00fcresel bir astronomi ve geometrinin gerektirdi\u011fi geli\u015fmi\u015f astronomik ve matematik \u201cknow-how\u201da sahip miydiler? Dillerinin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fine g\u00f6re, ger\u00e7ekten de sahiptiler.<\/p>\n

\"51\"<\/a>G\u00f6klerin kavisi ve yay\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ederken, DUB terimini- (astronomide) \u201cd\u00fcnyan\u0131n 360 derecelik \u00e7evresi\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir- kullanmaktayd\u0131lar. Astronomik ve matematik hesaplamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in AN.UR \u00e7izdiler; bu da g\u00f6k cisimlerini do\u011fu\u015f ve bat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ona oranlayarak \u00f6l\u00e7ebilecekleri hayali bir \u201cg\u00f6k ufku\u201dydu. Bu ufka dikey olarak bir dik \u00e7izgi uzatt\u0131lar: NU.BU.SAR.DA; bunun yard\u0131m\u0131yla referans noktas\u0131n\u0131 elde\u00a0 ettiler ve buna AN.PA dediler. Boylam dedi\u011fimiz \u00e7izgileri \u00e7izdiler ve onlar\u0131 \u201cderecelenmi\u015f boyunduruk\u201d; enlemleri ise \u201cg\u00f6klerin orta \u00e7izgileri\u201d diye adland\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, yaz g\u00fcnd\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015faret eden enleme AN.B\u0130L \u201cg\u00f6klerin ate\u015fli noktas\u0131\u201d dediler.\u00a0Akad, Hurri, Hitit ve kadim Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019nun di\u011fer edebi \u015faheserleri, S\u00fcmerce orjinallerinin \u00e7evirileri veya versiyonlar\u0131 olduklar\u0131ndan, g\u00f6k cisimleri ve fenomenleri ile ilgili S\u00fcmerceden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 s\u00f6zc\u00fckler doluydular. Y\u0131ld\u0131z listeleri \u00e7\u0131karan veya gezegen hareketlerinin hesaplamalar\u0131n\u0131 yazan Babilli ve Asurlu bilginler s\u0131k s\u0131k kopyalad\u0131klar\u0131 veya \u00e7evirdikleri S\u00fcmer orjinallerinden s\u00f6z etmi\u015flerdir. Asurbanipal\u2019in Ninova\u2019daki k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde de oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen astronomi ve astrolojiye hasredilmi\u015f 25000 tablet s\u00fcmer k\u00f6keninin tan\u0131nmas\u0131yla ilgili notlar i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

Babillilerin \u201cRabbin G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d dedikleri b\u00fcy\u00fck bir astronomi dizisi, katiplerince a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Akadl\u0131 Sargon\u2019un zaman\u0131nda, yani M\u00d6. \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bin y\u0131lda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bir S\u00fcmerce tabletten kopya edilmi\u015ftir. Ur\u2019un \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc hanedan\u0131na, yine M\u00d6. \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bin y\u0131la dayand\u0131r\u0131lan bir tablet bir dizi g\u00f6k cismini \u00f6ylesine net bi\u00e7imde s\u0131ralamakta ve tarif etmektedir ki, b\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz bilginleri bunun, aralar\u0131nda kuzey semalar\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck Ay\u0131, Ejderha, \u00c7alg\u0131, Ku\u011fu ve \u00dc\u00e7gen ve g\u00fcney semalar\u0131nda Avc\u0131, B\u00fcy\u00fck K\u00f6pek, Su y\u0131lan\u0131, Kargo ve Erbo\u011fa bulunan tak\u0131m y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili bir metin oldu\u011funu anlamakta hi\u00e7 zorluk \u00e7ekmemi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n
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Kadim Mezopotamya\u2019da g\u00f6ksel bilgini s\u0131rlar\u0131, g\u00f6kbilimci rahipler taraf\u0131ndan korunmakta, incelenmekte ve yay\u0131nlanmaktayd\u0131. Bu kay\u0131p \u201cKalde\u201d bilimini bize geri verdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenen \u00fc\u00e7 bilginin Cizvit papazlar\u0131 olmas\u0131, belki de \u00e7ok uygundu: Joseph Epping, Johann Strassman ve\u00a0<\/span>Franz X. Kugler. Bir ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131nda[Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel (Babil\u2019de Y\u0131ld\u0131z Bilimi ve Y\u0131ld\u0131zhizmetleri)]\u00a0muazzam say\u0131da metin ve listeyi analiz ve de\u015fifre etmi\u015f, d\u00fczenlemi\u015f ve a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir yerde, matematiksel olarak \u201cg\u00f6kleri geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrerek\u201d, M\u00d6. 1800\u2019lerde Babil g\u00f6klerindeki otuz \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6k cismine ait listenin, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc gruplamalara g\u00f6re dikkatle d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir !<\/div>\n
\n

\"tarama0003\"<\/a>Hangilerinin ger\u00e7ek grup, hangilerinin sadece alt grup oldu\u011funa karar vermek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan sonra, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n astronomi toplulu\u011fu (1925\u2019te) D\u00fcnya\u2019dan g\u00f6r\u00fcnen g\u00f6kleri kuzey, merkezi, g\u00fcney olarak \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcme ay\u0131rma ve buralardaki y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 seksen sekiz tak\u0131m y\u0131ld\u0131z bi\u00e7iminde gruplama konusunda anla\u015ft\u0131. Sonrada anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 ki, bu d\u00fczenleme hi\u00e7 de yeni de\u011fildi zira g\u00f6kleri \u00fc\u00e7 banda veya \u201cyola\u201d b\u00f6len ve bunlara \u00e7e\u015fitli tak\u0131m y\u0131ld\u0131zlar tayin edenler ilk olarak S\u00fcmerlilerdi; kuzey \u201cyolu\u201d Enlil\u2019in ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, g\u00fcney ise Ea\u2019n\u0131n, merkezi bant ise \u201cAnu yolu\u201d idi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn merkezi band\u0131, yani bur\u00e7 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan on iki tak\u0131m y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n band\u0131, S\u00fcmerlilerin y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 on iki ev olarak gruplad\u0131klar\u0131 Anu Yolu\u2019na tam olarak denktir.G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde oldu\u011fu gibi antik \u00e7a\u011flarda da fenomenler bur\u00e7 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kavram\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilmekteydi.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in \u00e7evresinde D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7izdi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck daire, her biri otuz derece olan on iki e\u015fit par\u00e7aya b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu par\u00e7alardan her birinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen y\u0131ld\u0131zlar veya \u201cevler\u201d; her biri y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n veya grubun olu\u015fturur gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bi\u00e7imlere g\u00f6re adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir tak\u0131m y\u0131ld\u0131z halinde grupland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0Tak\u0131m y\u0131ld\u0131zlar ve alt b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ve hatta tak\u0131m y\u0131ld\u0131zlar i\u00e7indeki tekil y\u0131ld\u0131zlar bile Bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Grek mitolojisinden \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 al\u0131nan isim ve tariflerle ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 bu ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 iki bin y\u0131l boyunca Yunanl\u0131lara atfetmi\u015ftir.Ama erken d\u00f6nem Grek g\u00f6kbilimcilerin S\u00fcmerlilerden elde ettikleri haz\u0131r bir astronomiyi sadece kendi dil ve mitolojilerine uyarlad\u0131klar\u0131 art\u0131k anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Bur\u00e7 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 dedi\u011fimiz \u201cZodyak\u201d kelimesi, Yunanca zodiakos kyklos\u2019dan (hayvan dairesi) gelmektedir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u0131ld\u0131z gruplar\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fimi bir aslana, bal\u0131klara vb. benzetilmi\u015ftir. Ama bu hayali \u015fekiller ve isimler asl\u0131nda on iki Zodyak tak\u0131m y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 UL.HE (parlak s\u00fcr\u00fc) diye adland\u0131ran S\u00fcmerlilerce t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. GU.AN.NA (g\u00f6ksel bo\u011fa) \u2013Bo\u011fa<\/li>\n
  2. MA\u015e.TAB.BA (ikizler) \u2013 \u0130kizler<\/li>\n
  3. DUB (c\u0131mb\u0131z,k\u0131ska\u00e7)- Yenge\u00e7<\/li>\n
  4. UR.GULA (aslan) \u2013Aslan<\/li>\n
  5. AB.S\u0130N (Babas\u0131 Sin idi)- Bakire, Ba\u015fak (Sin\u2019in iki k\u0131z\u0131 var. \u0130nanna ve Ere\u015fkigal)<\/li>\n
  6. Z\u0130.BA.AN.NA (g\u00f6ksel kader) \u2013Terazi<\/li>\n
  7. G\u0130R.TAB (de\u015fen ve kesen)- Akrep<\/li>\n
  8. PA.B\u0130L (savunmac\u0131,Ok\u00e7u)- Yay<\/li>\n
  9. SUHU.MA\u015e (ke\u00e7i bal\u0131\u011f\u0131)- O\u011flak<\/li>\n
  10. GU (sular\u0131n tanr\u0131s\u0131, su ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131)- Kova<\/li>\n
  11. S\u0130M.MAH (bal\u0131klar)- Bal\u0131k<\/li>\n
  12. Ku.Mal (tarlada ya\u015fayan)- Ko\u00e7<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Bur\u00e7 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n resimsel betimlemeleri veya i\u015faretleri, adlar\u0131 gibi, S\u00fcmer\u2019de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131ndan beri hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmeden kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \"8\"<\/a><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Anu Yolu; G\u00fcne\u015f, gezegenler ve Zodyaktaki tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n g\u00f6ksel band\u0131<\/li>\n
    2. Enlil Yolu; kuzey semas\u0131<\/li>\n
    3. Ea Yolu, g\u00fcney semas\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Teleskobun kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar Avrupal\u0131 g\u00f6k bilimciler sadece kuzey semalar\u0131ndaki on dokuz tak\u0131m y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 tan\u0131yan Ptolemik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kabul ediyordu. 1925\u2019te \u015fu an ge\u00e7erli olan s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma \u00fcst\u00fcnde fikir birli\u011fine var\u0131lana dek, S\u00fcmerlilerin Enlil yolu dedikleri b\u00f6lgede yirmi sekiz tak\u0131m y\u0131ld\u0131z tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Eski S\u00fcmerlilerin, Ptolemi\u2019nin tersine, kuzey semalar\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn tak\u0131m y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f, tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f, grupland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve s\u0131ralam\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimizde art\u0131k \u015fa\u015fmamak gerek.<\/p>\n

      1900\u2019de T.G.Pinches, Kraliyet Asya Bilimleri Derne\u011fine tam bir Mezopotamya usturlab\u0131n\u0131 tekrar bir araya getirmeyi ve yeniden kurmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi. Pinches bunun bir pasta gibi on iki dilimle ve merkezi bir olan \u00fc\u00e7 daireyle, sonu\u00e7ta otuz alt\u0131 k\u0131sma ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yuvarlak bir disk oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Desenin tamam\u0131, her birinde bir ay ad\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 olan on iki \u201cyaprakl\u0131\u201d bir rozet g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcne sahipti. Pinches bunlar\u0131 Mezopotamya takviminin ilk ad\u0131 olan\u00a0nisannu<\/em>\u00a0ile ba\u015flayarak I ile XII aras\u0131nda numaraland\u0131rd\u0131.Ayr\u0131ca, otuz alt\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131n her biri de bir ad ve alt\u0131nda, bunun bir g\u00f6k cisminin ad\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir daire i\u00e7ermekteydi. Bu adlar bir\u00e7ok metin ve \u201cy\u0131ld\u0131z listesi\u201dnde bulunmu\u015ftur ve bunlar \u015f\u00fcphesiz tak\u0131m y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n veya gezegenlerin adlar\u0131d\u0131r. Otuz alt\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131n her birindeki g\u00f6k cisminin ad\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca bir say\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. En i\u00e7teki halkada, say\u0131lar 30\u2019dan 60\u2019a kadard\u0131, ortadaki halkada 60\u2019tan 120\u2019ye kadar olup, en d\u0131\u015f halkada ise 120\u2019den 240\u2019a kadard\u0131. Bu say\u0131lar neyi temsil ediyordu?<\/p>\n

      Pincehs\u2019in sunumundan yakla\u015f\u0131k elli y\u0131l sonra yazan g\u00f6kbilimci ve\u00a0Asurolog O. Neugebauer[A History of Ancient Astronomy: Problems and Methods (Kadim Astronomi Tarihi:Problemler ve Metodlar)]\u00a0ancak \u015funu s\u00f6yleyebilmi\u015fti:\u00a0\u00a0\u201cT\u00fcm metin, her birinde bir tak\u0131m y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6neminin ne oldu\u011fu hen\u00fcz belli olmayan basit say\u0131lar buldu\u011fumuz otuz alt alanl\u0131 bir t\u00fcr \u015fematik g\u00f6k haritas\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.\u201d Konunun \u00f6nde gelen uzmanlar\u0131ndan\u00a0B.L.Van der Waerden [Babylonian Astronomy: The Thirty-Six Stars (Babil Astronomisi: Otuz alt\u0131 Y\u0131ld\u0131z)]\u00a0\u00a0bu say\u0131lar\u0131n belli bir ritmle azal\u0131p \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f ve ancak \u201csay\u0131lar\u0131n, g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresi ile bir ilgisi var\u201d diye \u00f6nerebilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \"9\"<\/a><\/p>\n

      Bu muammal\u0131 say\u0131lar, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 Kuzey Kutbu olacak bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6k kavsinin derecelerini temsil eder, bu usturlab, bir d\u00fczlemk\u00fcre, yani bir k\u00fcrenin bir d\u00fcz y\u00fczeydeki temsilidir.\u00a0Bulunan S\u00fcmer tabletleri aras\u0131nda y\u0131ld\u0131zlar ve tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n do\u011fru g\u00f6ksel konumlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren listeler, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar ve gezegenlerin do\u011fu\u015f ve bat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemek i\u00e7in kitap\u00e7\u0131klar vard\u0131; hatta bir metin gezegenler aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131klar\u0131 bile vermekteydi.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>S\u00fcmer resimleri\u00a0ve tabletlerinde g\u00f6ksel betimlemeler, de\u011finmeler ve \u015fekiller olduk\u00e7a fazlad\u0131r ve \u00e7ok da ilgin\u00e7tir.Bunlarda G\u00fcne\u015f sistemi do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f, G\u00fcne\u015f \u00e7evresinde d\u00f6nen gezegenler s\u0131rayla ve aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131klarla verilmi\u015fti.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>S\u00fcmer kozmolojisi de Mars ile J\u00fcpiter aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015f yerde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir gezegenin oldu\u011fu konusunda \u0131srarc\u0131d\u0131r: on ikinci gezegen (N\u0130B\u0130RU \u2018ge\u00e7i\u015f gezegeni\u2019). Mars ve J\u00fcpiter aras\u0131ndan her 3600 y\u0131lda bir ge\u00e7en ba\u015fka bir gezegen.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      Gerileme (presesyon); D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n kuzey-g\u00fcney ekseninin yalpalamas\u0131yla meydana gelen ve (Kuzey y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret eden) Kuzey Kutbu’nun ve G\u00fcney Kutbu\u2019nun g\u00f6klerde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir daire \u00e7izmesine sebep olan fenomendir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n tak\u0131m y\u0131ld\u0131zlardan olu\u015fan fon \u00f6n\u00fcndeki bariz gerilemesi y\u0131lda bir kavsin elli saniyesi veya yetmi\u015f iki y\u0131lda bir derecedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck daire, yani D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n Kuzey Kutbu\u2019nun yine ayn\u0131 Kuzey Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131\u2019n\u0131 i\u015faret etmesi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre 25.920 y\u0131ld\u0131r (72×360); yani g\u00f6k bilimcilerin B\u00fcy\u00fck Y\u0131l veya Eflatun Y\u0131l\u0131 dedikleri \u015feydir.\u00a0\u00c7e\u015fitli y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n do\u011fu\u015fu ve bat\u0131\u015f\u0131 antik \u00e7a\u011flarda \u00f6nemli g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc ve Yeni Y\u0131l\u2019\u0131 m\u00fcjdeleyen bahar noktas\u0131n\u0131n kesin olarak belirleni\u015fi, meydana geldikleri bur\u00e7 evi ile ili\u015fkilendiriliyordu. Gerileme sebebiyle, bahar noktas\u0131 ve di\u011fer g\u00f6ksel fenomenler y\u0131ldan y\u0131la gerileyerek, en sonunda 2160 y\u0131lda bir kez tam bir bur\u00e7 evi kadar gerilemekteydi.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      Astronomlar\u0131m\u0131z, M\u00d6. 900\u2019lerdeki bahar noktas\u0131n\u0131 saptayan bir \u201cs\u0131f\u0131r noktas\u0131\u201d (Ko\u00e7\u2019un ilk noktas\u0131) uygulamaya devam ediyorlar ama bu nokta art\u0131k iyiden iyiye Bal\u0131k evine kaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. MS. 2100\u2019lerde bahar noktas\u0131 ondan \u00f6nce gelen Kova evinde meydana gelmeye ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Kova \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019na girmek \u00fczere oldu\u011fumuz s\u00f6ylerken kastettikleri budur.\u00a0Bir bur\u00e7 evinden di\u011ferine do\u011fru kayma iki bin y\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, bilginler Hipparkus\u2019un M\u00d6. ikinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda gerilemeyi nas\u0131l ve nereden \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini merak etmi\u015flerdi. Art\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n S\u00fcmer oldu\u011fu bellidir. Profes\u00f6r Langdon\u2019un bulgular\u0131, M\u00d6. 4400\u2019lerde, Bo\u011fa \u00c7a\u011f\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan Nippur takviminin gerileme ve ondan 2160 y\u0131l daha \u00f6nce meydana gelen bur\u00e7 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 gerilemesine ait bilgiyi yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 meydana \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      Mezopotamya astronomi metinleri ile Hitit astronomi metinlerini ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131ran Profes\u00f6r Jeremias da eski astronomi tabletlerinin Bo\u011fa\u2019dan Ko\u00e7\u2019a do\u011fru de\u011fi\u015fimi kaydetmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 fikrindedir; Mezopotamya\u2019l\u0131 g\u00f6kbilimcilerin Ko\u00e7\u2019tan Bal\u0131k\u2019a do\u011fru de\u011fi\u015fimi de tahmin ettikleri ve bekledikleri sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Bu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlara at\u0131fta bulunan Profes\u00f6rWilly Hartner [The Earliest History of Constellationsin the Near East\u00a0<\/span>(Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019daki tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n En Eski Hikayesi)] S\u00fcmerlilerin, arkalar\u0131nda bunu belirten bol miktarda resimsel kan\u0131t b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Bahar noktas\u0131 Bo\u011fa burcunda iken, yaz g\u00fcnd\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc Aslan burcunda meydana gelmi\u015fti. Hartner, S\u00fcmer betimlemelerinde en erken zamanlardan itibaren g\u00f6r\u00fclen, \u00e7ok tekrarlanan bir bo\u011fa-aslan \u201c\u00e7eki\u015fmesi\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>motifine dikkatleri \u00e7eker ve bu motiflerin, M\u00d6. 4400\u2019lerde Bo\u011fa tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n ve Aslan tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n konumlar\u0131n\u0131 (Ur gibi) 30 derece kuzeydeki bir noktadaki g\u00f6zlemciye sundu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      Bilginlerin \u00e7o\u011fu S\u00fcmerlilerin Bo\u011fa\u2019y\u0131 ilk tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 olarak vurgulamas\u0131n\u0131n, sadece bur\u00e7 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n M\u00d6 4000\u2019lere dayanan eskili\u011fini de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda S\u00fcmer uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yle birdenbire ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131 da belirtti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteler. Profes\u00f6r\u00a0<\/span>Jeremias [Old Testament in the Light of the Ancient East\u00a0<\/span>(Kadim Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019nun I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 Alt\u0131nda Eski Ahit)], S\u00fcmer\u2019in zodyaksal-kronolojik \u201cs\u0131f\u0131r noktas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n tam olarak Bo\u011fa ve \u0130kizler aras\u0131nda durdu\u011funu g\u00f6steren kan\u0131tlar bulmu\u015ftur, bu ve di\u011fer verilerden, bur\u00e7 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130kizler \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda, yani S\u00fcmer uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015flamadan bile \u00f6nce tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Berlin M\u00fczesi\u2019ndeki bir tablet (VAT.7847) Zodyak tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n listesine Aslan ile ba\u015flayan ve bizi insano\u011flunun topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemeye hen\u00fcz ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu M\u00d6. 11000\u2019lere geri g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      Kaynak:<\/strong>\u00a0http:\/\/aden-wwwaden.blogspot.com.tr –<\/div>\n
      Sitchin Kaynaklar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          M\u00d6 3000. Merkezde G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in, \u00e7evresinde ise bug\u00fcn bildi\u011fimiz t\u00fcm gezegenlerin oldu\u011fu tam bir G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi’ni g\u00f6steren tablet, g\u00f6kcisimlerinin bilinen betimleme tarz\u0131ndan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131 teker teker de\u011fil de b\u00fcy\u00fck, \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar sa\u00e7an bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7embere alan bir grup olarak g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu, S\u00fcmerlilere g\u00f6re G\u00fcne\u015f sistemini g\u00f6steren bir betimlemedir: 12 g\u00f6k cismini i\u00e7eren bir sistem. Modern …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4043,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kadim-uygarliklartopluluklar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2466"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2466\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4193,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2466\/revisions\/4193"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4043"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}