{"id":2860,"date":"2015-08-25T01:12:46","date_gmt":"2015-08-24T22:12:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/?p=2860"},"modified":"2015-10-02T16:03:18","modified_gmt":"2015-10-02T13:03:18","slug":"dovme-nin-tarihcesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/2015\/08\/dovme-nin-tarihcesi\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00f6vme\u2019 nin Tarih\u00e7esi"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Bedenlere eski \u00e7izgilerle yeni anlamlar y\u00fckleyen d\u00f6vme, k\u00f6keni tarihin derinliklerinde sakl\u0131, inanca dayanan bir sanat formudur. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, yaz\u0131s\u0131 kutsal kitap gibi v\u00fccutta olan s\u00f6zs\u00fcz ileti\u015fim tekni\u011fidir. D\u00f6vme, bedene uyumlu bir boya maddesinin \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu \u00e7\u0131kmayacak bi\u00e7imde derinin alt y\u00fczeyine desenler halinde nak\u015fedili\u015f sanat\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden d\u00f6vmeye beden i\u015faretleri diyorum.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015faret harften daha eskidir. Onun bu arkaikli\u011finde bir gizem yatmaktad\u0131r. Hatta d\u00f6vme, bir amblem ve kimliktir. Zaman zaman soylulu\u011fun, k\u00f6leli\u011fin, askerli\u011fin, ergenli\u011fin, ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, erdemlili\u011fin, bir kabileye aidiyetin ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden ar\u0131nman\u0131n ifadesi olmu\u015ftur. Art\u0131k d\u00f6vme b\u00f6lgesel motif, inan\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f; s\u00fcs, moda, sanat haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u015eamanizm, Paganizm, Animizm, Sabiilik, Taoizm, Budizm, Maniheizm ve Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck gibi inan\u0131\u015flar\u0131n izlerini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"b\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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T\u00fcrk Mumyas\u0131 \u201cLolan G\u00fczeli\u201dnin Eli
\n\"a\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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T\u00fcrk Mumyas\u0131 ve G\u00fcne\u015f Adam D\u00f6vmesi<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Eski T\u00fcrkler\u2019de D\u00f6vme<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Pigdogramlar\u0131 (resim yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131) d\u00f6vmede bulabiliriz. D\u00f6vme; Herodotus, gezgin k\u00e2\u015fif Marco Polo, James Cook ve Profes\u00f6r Kindler Spindler taraf\u0131ndan belgelenmi\u015ftir. D\u00f6vmenin ilk izlerine Avusturya\u2019da, \u0130talya\u2019da, Yunanistan\u2019da, Anadolu\u2019da, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da, Cezayir\u2019de, Afrika\u2019da, Okyanusya (Markiz, Samoa) adalar\u0131nda, Yeni Zellanda\u2019da, Amerika\u2019da, kutuplarda ve Japonya\u2019da rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kazak ve K\u0131rg\u0131z T\u00fcrklerinin k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinde de olduk\u00e7a eski ve yerle\u015fiktir. \u0130skit kurgan buluntular\u0131nda do\u011fadaki m\u00fccadeleyi anlatan hayvan motifleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6relerde, daha \u00e7ok G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgesinde bir ya\u015fl\u0131 \u00e2deti olarak devam ettirilmektedir. \u015eehirlerde ise gen\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda bir moda olarak yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00f6vmecilik, ressam ve hekimlerin kontrol\u00fcnde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir meslek haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Eski Anadolu\u2019da D\u00f6vme<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Bozh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te tespit edilen d\u00f6vmeler \u00fczerinde duruldu. Resimleri \u00e7ekilen kaynak ki\u015filerin beden i\u015faretleri ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri irdelendi. Buradaki beden i\u015faretleri ile runik i\u015faretler aras\u0131ndaki benzerli\u011fe dikkat \u00e7ekildi. Ayr\u0131ca, d\u00f6vmenin tarih\u00e7esi, yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer, yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u015fekli, yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f nedeni ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc verildi. Daha sonraki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar i\u00e7in ise kaynaklar da eklendi.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6vmenin Tarih\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Avusturya-\u0130talya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda bulunan buz adam\u0131n d\u00f6vmeli oldu\u011fu Ekim 1991\u2019de Prof. Dr. Kindler Spindler taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. Japonya\u2019daki bal\u00e7\u0131ktan d\u00f6vmeler M.\u00d6. 5000\u2019li y\u0131llara dayan\u0131yor. Kam\u0131\u015f ve yaprak boyalar\u0131yla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f M\u0131s\u0131r mumyalar\u0131ndaki d\u00f6vmeler ise M.\u00d6. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llara aittir.<\/p>\n

Antik \u00c7a\u011flarda D\u00f6vme<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Antik Trok kavmi d\u00f6vmeyi asalet ni\u015fanesi sayarken; eski Yunanl\u0131larca ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131k say\u0131l\u0131yordu. Roma da su\u00e7lu ve k\u00f6leleri tan\u0131maya yarard\u0131. Amerika (Meksika, g\u00fcney ve kuzey Amerika yerlileri, K\u0131z\u0131lderililer) k\u0131tas\u0131nda yerliler aras\u0131nda d\u00f6vme yapt\u0131rma i\u015fleminin \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu 15.-19. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda oraya giden din adamlar\u0131yla bir\u00e7ok tarih\u00e7inin an\u0131lar\u0131ndan anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Paz\u0131r\u0131k Kurgan\u0131nda D\u00f6vmeli Mumya \u00d6rnekleri<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"C\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"ddd\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"g\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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\"D\"<\/p>\n

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\"E\"<\/a>\"f\"<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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En Eski D\u00f6vme \u0130zleri<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Kaynaklar, ilk \u00e7a\u011flarda kam\u0131\u015f ve yaprak boyalar\u0131 ile yap\u0131lan d\u00f6vmelerden s\u00f6z etmekte, M.\u00d6. 2000\u2019lerden kalma M\u0131s\u0131r mumyalar\u0131nda d\u00f6vmelere rastlan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Hun kurganlar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan cesetlerde son derece k\u0131vrak \u00e7izgilerle ve dekoratif bir anlay\u0131\u015fla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015fsel yarat\u0131klar ve ko\u00e7 fig\u00fcrlerinden olu\u015fan d\u00f6vmeler g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Dinsel-b\u00fcy\u00fcsel kaynakl\u0131 bu d\u00f6vmelerin is oldu\u011fu ihtimali ve deriye \u015f\u0131r\u0131nga edilmesi ile olu\u015ftu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Hunlara ait Paz\u0131r\u0131k kurgan\u0131nda bulunan bir ba\u015fkana ait cesetten anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere Hunlarda asil ve kahraman ki\u015filerin d\u00f6vme yapt\u0131rabildi\u011fi, daha sonralar\u0131 Kazak ve K\u0131rg\u0131zlarda da devam eden bu gelene\u011fin yine kahramanl\u0131k niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan bireylere uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Ta\u015fd\u0131k ve Alt\u0131n Y\u0131\u015f mezarlar\u0131ndaki cesetlerin baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki d\u00f6vmeler, av sahnelerini tasvir eder. Antik Trak kavmi d\u00f6vmeyi asalet ni\u015fanesi sayarken, eski Yunanl\u0131lar i\u00e7in ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131k damgas\u0131 gibiydi.<\/p>\n

Kendi uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n hen\u00fcz ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fayan \u00f6zg\u00fcn topluluklarda d\u00f6vme yapma i\u015flemi t\u00f6rensel bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131r; d\u00f6vmeyi yapan ki\u015fi birtak\u0131m dinsel ve zihinsel kurallar\u0131 yerine getirmek zorundad\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Bal\u2019\u0131n iste\u011fi \u00fczerine \u201cilahi ve gizemli bir kudret edinme\u201d arac\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r. M. W. Thomson\u2019a g\u00f6re Musa Peygamber elleri ve al\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 mistik sembollerle s\u00fcsleyen Araplardan d\u00f6vme \u00e2detini \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alarak kendi amac\u0131 i\u00e7in kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Katolik kilisesi M.S. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u201cTanr\u0131n\u0131n imaj\u0131n\u0131 bozuyor\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle Roma\u2019daki k\u00f6le ve mahk\u00fbmlar\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcne d\u00f6vme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 787 y\u0131l\u0131nda Papa 1. Hadrinan, v\u00fccudun herhangi bir yerine d\u00f6vme yapmay\u0131 bat\u0131l inan\u00e7 ve Paganizmi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcm\u00fcyle men etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Eski Avrupa\u2019da D\u00f6vme<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Eski Roma\u2019da su\u00e7lular\u0131 ve k\u00f6leleri tan\u0131maya yarayan d\u00f6vmelere 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130ngiltere\u2019sinde de rastlan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Cezayirli gemiciler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131 denizcileri aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015fan d\u00f6vme; XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Yeni\u00e7erilerce ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunduklar\u0131 \u201corta\u201dy\u0131 (b\u00f6l\u00fck) simgelemek amac\u0131 ile yapt\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, Yeni\u00e7eri oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na dek s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130lkel topluluklarda d\u00f6vme yap\u0131l\u0131rken t\u00f6renler d\u00fczenlenir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7a\u011flar boyu Avrupa da kaybolan d\u00f6vme gelene\u011fi, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130ngiltere\u2019sinde aniden canland\u0131; Kaptan Cook\u2019un 1769\u2019daki ilk seyahatiyle birlikte denizciler aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131p egzotik bi\u00e7imde renklilik kazand\u0131. Galler Prensi 1862\u2019de kutsal topraklar\u0131 (Filistin) ziyaret edince koluna bir ha\u00e7 d\u00f6vmesi yapt\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kral Edward VII, o\u011flu George\u2019un 1882\u2019de Japonya ziyareti s\u0131ras\u0131nda bile\u011fine bir canavar motifi i\u015flendi. B\u00f6ylece d\u00f6vme \u0130ngiltere\u2019de krall\u0131k ferman\u0131 ile onaylanm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 Ortado\u011fu kavimleri 12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u2018y\u0131lan ve timsahlardan korunmak i\u00e7in bedenlerine deniz canavar\u0131 resimleri yaparken; 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l Avrupa\u2019s\u0131ndaki d\u00f6vmeler, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde \u2018amblem\u2019 de\u011feri ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Askerlerin, ayn\u0131 meslekten ki\u015filerin birbirilerini tan\u0131ma arac\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015faretler ve Bozh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te D\u00f6vme<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Resim sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Diyarbak\u0131r ve Mardin\u2019e gelerek d\u00f6vme \u00fczerine inceleme yapmalar\u0131, b\u00f6lgenin k\u00fclt\u00fcr zenginli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde yer alan d\u00f6vme gelene\u011fine dikkatimizi \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"73731_444055357950_2730250_n\"<\/a><\/p>\n

G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da D\u00f6vme Gelene\u011fi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Alt\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131r G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu y\u00f6resinde bulunmaktay\u0131m. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde insanlar\u0131n v\u00fccutlar\u0131ndaki beden i\u015faretleri (d\u00f6vmeler) bana \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 gelmi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerinde oldu\u011fu gibi Hunlar\u0131n ve daha sonraki T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n sanatlar\u0131nda da d\u00f6vme g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130skit (Saka) kurgan buluntular\u0131nda mumyalanm\u0131\u015f cesedin bacak ve kollar\u0131nda d\u00f6vme \u201cmotifi olarak hemen hemen yaln\u0131z hayvanlar ve hayvan uzuvlar\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hayvanlar\u0131n en \u00e7ok yer verilen ve dikkati \u00e7ekenleri geyik, ke\u00e7i, kedi, k\u00f6pek, kurt, at, ay\u0131 ve y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 ku\u015flar gibi ekseriyeti yabani olanlar\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"dd\"<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Paz\u0131r\u0131k D\u00f6vmesi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de hayvan motifleri d\u00f6vme olarak yapt\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak Bozh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te rastlad\u0131\u011fm\u0131z d\u00f6vmeler resim de\u011fildir, resim yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yaz\u0131s\u0131na (ideograma) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f \u015fekilleri gibidir.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 beden i\u015faretleri runik yaz\u0131lara benzer. Orhun Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131\u2019ndaki K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk i\u015faretlerinden yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru a\u011fz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k c i\u015faretinin i\u00e7inde \u00fc\u00e7 veya tek nokta olan nd \/ nt konsonuna yani g\u00fcne\u015f gibi (\u263c) i\u00e7i tek noktal\u0131 bir \u015fekle veya ters v \u015feklinde tek noktal\u0131 bir \u015fekle, ters Y gibi \u00e7 konsonuna, yine ters Y i\u015faretinin kesi\u015fme noktas\u0131ndan art\u0131 veya ha\u00e7 i\u015fareti (+ \/ \u2020) gibi ge\u00e7en bir \u015fekli temsil edilen s \/ \u015f konsonuna ve > \u015feklindeki o \/ u vokaline an\u0131msatacak tarzda bir izlenim b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bozh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019teki beden i\u015faretleri, yirmi iki T\u00fcrkmen b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn hayvanlar\u0131na vurduklar\u0131 i\u015faretlere; \u00f6zellikle Af\u015far, Bayat, \u00c7epni, \u00c7uvaldar, Eym\u00fcr, Karab\u00f6l\u00fck, Uluyundlu\u011f, Tut\u0131rka ve Yaz\u011f\u0131r boylar\u0131n\u0131n damgalar\u0131na da benzemektedir. \u0130nceleme imk\u00e2n\u0131 buldu\u011fumuz sekiz ki\u015fideki beden i\u015faretlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen gizli yaz\u0131lar\u0131 kay\u0131t alt\u0131na almak istedik. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 58 ile 80 ya\u015f aras\u0131nda \u00f6m\u00fcr s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f bu insanlardan sonra belki de unutulmaya y\u00fcz tutan bu beden i\u015faretleri ve bu i\u015faretlerin anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 kaybolup gidecektir.<\/p>\n

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D\u00f6vmenin Yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f Amac\u0131 ve Bozh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te D\u00f6vmenin Yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f Sebepleri<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Yahudilik, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k inanc\u0131nda \u2018d\u00f6vme\u2019 yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitab-\u0131 mukaddeste \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcler i\u00e7in bedeninizde yara a\u00e7mayacaks\u0131n\u0131z, d\u00f6vme i\u015fareti koymayacaks\u0131n\u0131z\u201d (Levilier:19128 ) emri yer al\u0131r. \u0130slam Peygamberi\u2019nin hadislerinde d\u00f6vme yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6vme motiflerinde mezar ta\u015flar\u0131ndan, dokumalar\u0131m\u0131za, mimarimizden i\u015fleme tekniklerimize kadar uzanan ve hemen hepsinde dinsel, b\u00fcy\u00fcsel, mitolojik; sosyal ve cinsel stat\u00fc, a\u015firet i\u015fareti niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan motiflerin benzerlerini bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu motiflerin ki\u015fiyi rahats\u0131zl\u0131klardan, nazardan korudu\u011funa; g\u00fczellik ve yi\u011fitlik getirdi\u011fine olan inan\u00e7 halen devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6vmeyi yapan ki\u015fi birtak\u0131m dinsel ve b\u00fcy\u00fcsel kurallar\u0131 yerine getirmek zorundad\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli model ve \u00f6rneklere g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan d\u00f6vmelerin deriye i\u015fleni\u015fi bazen aylarca bazen de birka\u00e7 y\u0131l s\u00fcrebilmektedir. D\u00f6vmenin estetik y\u00f6n\u00fcne g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan yan\u0131 hemen her zaman dinsel, b\u00fcy\u00fcsel, iyile\u015ftirici, toplumsal ve cinsel rolleri belirleyici, ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunan toplulu\u011fu i\u015faret edici \u00f6zelli\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

Bozh\u00f6y\u00fckte d\u00f6vme \u015fu maksatlarla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. G\u00fczel g\u00f6r\u00fcnmek, erkeklerin be\u011fenisini kazanmak, evlili\u011fe haz\u0131r olmak,<\/li>\n
  2. \u015eans ve baht a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, evlenebilmek,<\/li>\n
  3. Kuma gelmemesi, \u00e7ocuk do\u011furmak,<\/li>\n
  4. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckken nazardan korunmak, hasta olmamak ve uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olmak,<\/li>\n
  5. Elinin bereketli olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
  6. Y\u0131lan sokmamas\u0131 ve aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n u\u011furlu gelmesi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda y\u00f6rede (daha \u00e7ok erkeklerin) hangi a\u015firete ait oldu\u011funun bilinmesi i\u00e7in aln\u0131n \u015fakak taraf\u0131na ve burnun ucuna \u00e7ocu\u011funun \u00f6lmemesi i\u00e7in d\u00f6vme yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bilinmektedir. \u00c7ocuklarda ise \u00f6lmesin diye i\u015faret parma\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u015fparma\u011f\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki perdeye \u00fc\u00e7 nokta \u015feklinde bir motif i\u015flenmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Bozh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te D\u00f6vmenin Yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yerler ve Yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u015eekli:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Y\u00f6rede v\u00fccuda yap\u0131lan d\u00f6vme yerleri cinsiyete g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6stermektedir. Erkeklerde daha \u00e7ok ellerde, isme\u2019l-bikar denilen burun, \u00e7ene, elmac\u0131k kemikleri \u00fczerinde birer nokta \u015feklinde yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bayanlarda ise ellerde kollarda, ayaklarda, al\u0131nlarda, \u00e7enelerde, dudaklarda, yanak ve g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslerde yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Eski Anadolu\u2019da D\u00f6vmelerin Anlamlar\u0131:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Bozh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te al\u0131n, dudak, \u00e7ene, bilek, el, parmak, ayak bile\u011fi, ayak \u00fczerine d\u00f6vme yapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir;<\/p>\n

    Al\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok g\u00fcne\u015f i\u015fareti (\u00a4), dudakta ha\u00e7 i\u015fareti (\u2020), \u00e7enede k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7arp\u0131 i\u015faretleri (x) ile baklava dilimleri (\u25ca) ve \u00e7entikler (\u2039), yuvarlaklar (\u25cb) ve noktalar (\u25cf), ayak bile\u011fi ve devam\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7emberin i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en \u00e7atal i\u015fareti (\u2640) ile b\u00fcy\u00fck d \u015feklinde yar\u0131m ay (D), ayak \u00a0\u00fcst\u00fcnde ise al\u0131ndaki i\u015faretin d\u00fczeltilmi\u015f \u015fekli ile \u00fc\u00e7 nokta (\u25cf\u25cf\u25cf), el bile\u011finde ise \u00e7entikleri art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcne\u015f i\u015fareti (\u263c) ve tarak (\u2021), el \u00fcst\u00fcnde \u00e7enedeki \u015fekillerin daha geni\u015fletilmi\u015f bi\u00e7imleri ve \u00e7entikli \u00e7arp\u0131 i\u015faretinin \u00fcst \u00fc\u00e7geninde bir be\u015f k\u00f6\u015feli y\u0131ld\u0131z, y\u00fcz\u00fck ve orta parmakta ise k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir art\u0131 (+) i\u015fareti resmedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Oval ve d\u00fcz \u00e7izgiler ile noktalar olumlu bir imaj b\u0131rak\u0131rken \u00e7apraz, k\u00f6\u015feli ve verevine i\u015faretler olumsuzluklara kar\u015f\u0131 tepki; art\u0131, ha\u00e7, y\u0131ld\u0131z, g\u00fcne\u015f i\u015faretleri ve oval \u015fekiller ise din\u00ee bir duygu telkin etmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Bizim inceledi\u011fimiz beden i\u015faretlerinin co\u011frafyas\u0131 a\u015firetlerin yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f sahas\u0131na g\u00f6re Ba\u011fdat, Suriye ve Mu\u015f \u00fc\u00e7geni aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgeyi kapsamaktad\u0131r. Y\u00f6redeki bir\u00e7ok a\u015firet, bu beden i\u015faretlerini kullanmaktad\u0131r. D\u00f6vmeye y\u00f6rede \u201cdek, \u201cvesm\u201d ve \u201cve\u015fm\u201d, d\u00f6vme i\u015fini yapan erkeklere \u201cdekkak\u201d, bayanlara ise \u201cdekkabe\u201d, d\u00f6vme yapt\u0131ran erkeklere \u201cmedkuk\u201d, kad\u0131nlara \u201cmedkuke\u201d denilmektedir.<\/p>\n

    D\u00f6vme yapmakta kullan\u0131lan malzemeler \u201cel-merare\u201d denilen safra yani \u201c\u00f6d\u201d, \u201csira\u00e7\u201d denilen idare lambas\u0131ndan elde edilen \u201cis\u201d, \u201cHal\u00eeb \u00dcmm\u00fcl-Bint\u201d denilen k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu annesi s\u00fct\u00fcnden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    D\u00f6vme \u201cMerbaiye\u201d denilen bahar mevsiminin ba\u015f\u0131nda yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00f6vme yap\u0131m\u0131nda \u201cibre\u201d denilen birbirine iple ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f bir veya birden fazla diki\u015f i\u011fnesi kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Sira\u00e7tan elde edilen is ile k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu emziren annenin s\u00fct\u00fc, \u00f6d s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 bir kab\u0131n i\u00e7inde kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m bir m\u00fcddet bekletilir. Bilahare medkukun, d\u00f6vme yapt\u0131ran\u0131n istedi\u011fi yere dekkak taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenir. \u0130\u015faretlerin \u015fekli bozulmas\u0131n diye ergenlik d\u00f6neminden sonra d\u00f6vme yapt\u0131rmay\u0131 tercih ederler.<\/p>\n

    Dinin temel kaynaklar\u0131na ra\u011fmen yasaklanan d\u00f6vme, bir beden i\u015fareti olarak Bozh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta Mardin\u2019den turistik b\u00f6lgelere giderek d\u00f6vme yapan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oldu\u011funu, Kapadokya civar\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok d\u00f6vme yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da, d\u00f6vme yapt\u0131ran \u00f6\u011frencilerimden \u00f6\u011frendim. Ancak ellerine yapt\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6vmelerin \u015fekillerini kendileri tarif etmi\u015f. Y\u00f6renin beden i\u015faretleri art\u0131k unutulmak \u00fczeredir.<\/p>\n

    Kaynak:<\/strong> Dr. Mehmet HAZAR<\/p>\n

    Dicle \u00dcniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi, \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk Leh\u00e7eleri ve Edebiyatlar\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim G\u00f6revlisi<\/p>\n

    Resim D\u00fczenleme:<\/strong> \u00c7i\u011fdem Sar\u0131g\u00fcl<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Bedenlere eski \u00e7izgilerle yeni anlamlar y\u00fckleyen d\u00f6vme, k\u00f6keni tarihin derinliklerinde sakl\u0131, inanca dayanan bir sanat formudur. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, yaz\u0131s\u0131 kutsal kitap gibi v\u00fccutta olan s\u00f6zs\u00fcz ileti\u015fim tekni\u011fidir. D\u00f6vme, bedene uyumlu bir boya maddesinin \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu \u00e7\u0131kmayacak bi\u00e7imde derinin alt y\u00fczeyine desenler halinde nak\u015fedili\u015f sanat\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden d\u00f6vmeye beden i\u015faretleri diyorum. \u0130\u015faret harften daha …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2871,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-turk-tarihi","category-kadim-uygarliklartopluluklar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2860","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2860"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2860\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3139,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2860\/revisions\/3139"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2871"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2860"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2860"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2860"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}