{"id":757,"date":"2015-06-21T21:16:10","date_gmt":"2015-06-21T18:16:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/?p=757"},"modified":"2015-07-18T02:14:28","modified_gmt":"2015-07-17T23:14:28","slug":"bilim-dunyasinda-kuantum-gercekligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/2015\/06\/bilim-dunyasinda-kuantum-gercekligi\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u0130L\u0130M D\u00dcNYASINDA KUANTUM GER\u00c7EKL\u0130\u011e\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bir kuantum s\u0131\u00e7ramas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekten ne olur?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p ortaya koydu\u011fu bu sekiz ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe k\u0131saca bir g\u00f6z atmak, kuantum fizi\u011fini anlamak konusunda bize bilimsel bir a\u00e7\u0131 da sunacakt\u0131r. Kuantum ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fama indirgeyebilmek i\u00e7in bilimin verilerini temel kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z kabul ederek yola koyulmam\u0131z, kuantum fizi\u011finin felsefi yorumlar\u0131n\u0131 yapmak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok yararl\u0131 ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na uygun olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6nce bilimsel veri sonra bilim felsefesi ve ard\u0131ndan g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fama indirgeme; di\u011fer disiplinlerle olan ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zme ya da yap\u0131land\u0131rma, bir s\u0131ra takip etti\u011finde kuantum ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini anlama a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n da anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck.<\/p>\n

Princeton’dan mezun olan Hugh Everett t\u00fcm evreni a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in kuantum teorisini kullanmak istiyordu. Fakat geleneksel kuantum teorisi d\u00fcnyay\u0131 “oldu\u011fu gibi de\u011fil” g\u00f6zlemciye g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, her \u015feyi bilen, her yerde ve her zaman olan, maddesel d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn modern bilim adamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda modas\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir \u00f6nerme) “son durak g\u00f6zlemcisi” ne g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu kuantum teorisinin evrenin kentlisini a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Everett bunun yerine matemati\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden, kuantum form\u00fclasyonunda g\u00f6zlemcinin rol\u00fcn\u00fc azaltan ve bizim evren s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ne anlama gelebilece\u011fi konusundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde geni\u015fleten radikal bir yorum \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1982 y\u0131l\u0131nda zamans\u0131z \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar Pentagon’da stratejik planlamada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Everett, g\u00f6zlenmeyen atomun kuantum muhtemel pozisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n sadece olas\u0131l\u0131k de\u011fil, ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011funa karar verdi. Atom ger\u00e7ekten ayn\u0131 anda bir\u00e7ok yerde bulunabiliyordu, ama bu atomik pozisyonlar\u0131n her biri farkl\u0131 bir evrende yerle\u015fmi\u015fti. Everett’in yorumuna g\u00f6re olmas\u0131 muhtemel olan her \u015fey b\u00fcy\u00fck Everett k\u00e2inat\u0131n\u0131n alt evrenlerinden birinde oluyordu.<\/p>\n

Everett k\u00e2inat\u0131n\u0131 yer-zamanda spagetti \u00e7ubuklar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmu\u015f, her \u00e7ubu\u011fun “t\u00fcm evren”\u00a0 diyebilece\u011fimiz \u015feyde farkl\u0131 muhtemel bir tarihinin oldu\u011funu, fakat asl\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir koleksiyon i\u00e7inde sadece bir alt evren olarak bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne getirebiliriz. \u0130nsan g\u00f6zlemciler bu alt evrenlerin bir\u00e7o\u011funda bulunurlar, fakat kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda de\u011fildirler.<\/p>\n

Everett’in modelinde kuantum teorisi bir olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temsil etmez. B\u00fct\u00fcn olaylar bu d\u00fcnyada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir; hi\u00e7biri d\u0131\u015far\u0131da kalmaz. Asl\u0131nda kuantum teorisi g\u00f6zlemcinin kendisini evren B’ den \u00e7ok evren A’ da bulmas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder.<\/p>\n

Everett’in yorumu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek bir resim verirse, o zaman bir kez daha d\u00fcnyay\u0131 “oldu\u011fu gibi alg\u0131lamakta” s\u0131radan insan bilincinin en yetersiz ara\u00e7 oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Einstein’in \u00f6zel g\u00f6recelik teorisi d\u00fcnyay\u0131 t\u00fcm olaylar\u0131n, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin, \u015fimdinin ve gelece\u011fin sonsuza kadar birlikte var oldu\u011fu de\u011fi\u015fimsiz b\u00fct\u00fcn bir yer-zaman olarak a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor; bu a\u00e7\u0131klama insanlar\u0131n her g\u00fcn d\u00fcnyay\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak de\u011fi\u015fen \u015fimdiki an olarak deneyimlemesiyle uygunluk sa\u011flam\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Everett ve Einstein’\u0131n fizik temelli d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri bizim g\u00fcnl\u00fck deneyimimizle ters d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor: her ikisi de ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bizim duyular\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6r\u00fcnenden \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn kuantum ger\u00e7eklikleri i\u00e7inde hi\u00e7biri Everett’in sizin evreninizle birlikte say\u0131s\u0131z evrenin var oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan daha dikkat \u00e7ekici de\u011fildir. Ancak, ger\u00e7e\u011fi tek olarak ele almas\u0131 nedeniyle (bu modelde olas\u0131l\u0131ktan ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe gizemli g\u00f6zlemciler taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131lan ge\u00e7i\u015fler yoktur) Everett’in abart\u0131l\u0131 vizyonu baz\u0131 kuantum d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler aras\u0131nda gittik\u00e7e pop\u00fclerlik kazand\u0131. Bilim kurgu yazarlar\u0131 iyi bir hik\u00e2ye yaratmak amac\u0131yla paralel evrenleri icat ettiler.<\/p>\n

Astroset<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bir kuantum s\u0131\u00e7ramas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekten ne olur? Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p ortaya koydu\u011fu bu sekiz ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe k\u0131saca bir g\u00f6z atmak, kuantum fizi\u011fini anlamak konusunda bize bilimsel bir a\u00e7\u0131 da sunacakt\u0131r. Kuantum ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fama indirgeyebilmek i\u00e7in bilimin verilerini temel kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z kabul ederek yola koyulmam\u0131z, kuantum fizi\u011finin felsefi yorumlar\u0131n\u0131 yapmak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok yararl\u0131 ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na uygun …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":758,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kuantum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/757","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=757"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/757\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":759,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/757\/revisions\/759"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=757"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=757"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}