{"id":2503,"date":"2015-07-22T16:45:59","date_gmt":"2015-07-22T13:45:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/?p=2503"},"modified":"2015-10-02T16:37:23","modified_gmt":"2015-10-02T13:37:23","slug":"semavi-dinlerin-kokeni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/2015\/07\/semavi-dinlerin-kokeni\/","title":{"rendered":"SEMAV\u0130 D\u0130NLER\u0130N K\u00d6KEN\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

Prof. Muazzez \u0130lmiye \u00c7\u0131\u011f (S\u00fcmerolog);<\/p>\n

S\u00fcmerliler Tanr\u0131lar d\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u00fczerine pek \u00e7ok efsaneler geli\u015ftirmi\u015fler, \u015fiirler ilahiler, t\u00f6renler yaratm\u0131\u015flar ve bunlar\u0131 ilk defa yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7irmi\u015flerdir. Onlar\u0131n kurduklar\u0131 dinler, zamanla tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlerin temelini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Tek Tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinler dikkatle incelendi\u011finde, di\u011fer tanr\u0131lar\u0131n tamamen yok olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6rebiliriz. Bu dinlerde melekler, \u015feytanlar, cinler olarak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 korumaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Tek Tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlerin temelini olu\u015fturan Yahudi dininin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan en az bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce S\u00fcmerliler varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015flerdi. \u00d6yleyse S\u00fcmer k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisi \u0130sraillilere nas\u0131l ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? S\u00fcmer Devleri g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc d\u00f6nemlerinde Do\u011fuda Hindistan, bat\u0131da Akdeniz\u2019e hatta K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a, Kuzeyde Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131na, G\u00fcneyde M\u0131s\u0131r ve Habe\u015fistan\u2019a kadar geni\u015flemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00d6 2400 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Sami bir \u0131rktan olan Kral Sargon S\u00fcmer Devletini ele ge\u00e7irerek bir Akad Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurmu\u015ftu.\u00a0 Sonra yine Sami bir \u0131rk olan Amoritler Babil Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurdular ve eski S\u00fcmer \u00dclkesinin t\u00fcm\u00fcne h\u00e2kim oldular.\u00a0 Bu devirde S\u00fcmer dili ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok geli\u015fti. T\u00fcm S\u00fcmer mitolojisi bir\u00e7ok kopya halinde yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Di\u011fer kentlerdeki e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131na ve k\u00fct\u00fcphanelere g\u00f6nderildi. S\u00fcmer e\u011fitim tarz\u0131, dili, efsaneleri, edebi yap\u0131tlar\u0131 Babil okullar\u0131nda \u00f6\u011fretilmeye devam edildi. S\u00fcmerce en \u00f6nemli dinsel lisan haline geldi ve bu durum \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fumuna kadar devam etti.<\/p>\n

Tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlerin atas\u0131 olarak kabul edilen Hz. \u0130brahim, Tevrata g\u00f6re, Mezopotamyada Ur kentinden Filistine g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yani o bilgiyi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonra Babil K\u0131ral\u0131 Nabukadnezzar \u0130S 604-562 de Filistini ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ve t\u00fcm Yahudi bilginleri Babile s\u00fcrg\u00fcn etmi\u015ftir. Bu bilginler Babil k\u00fct\u00fcphanesini inceleme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Nitekim Tevrat, Babil s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcnden sonra yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6zl\u00fc kaynaklara dayanan Tevrat,\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130.\u00d6.\u00a0 5. yy\u00a0\u00a0 (Pentauch) ve \u0130.\u00d6. 8. yy. da kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"c0139575_1327311\"<\/a>AY K\u00dcLT\u00dc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmer dininde ay k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir yeri vard\u0131r. Ay\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcn, 15 g\u00fcnl\u00fck oldu\u011fu ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnmedi\u011fi g\u00fcnlerde t\u00f6renler yap\u0131l\u0131r. Hatta baz\u0131 yiyecekler yenilmezdi. \u0130slamiyet\u2019te de oru\u00e7 ve bayramlar Ay\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u015eER\u0130AT-HUKUK<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmer Kanunu Babil k\u0131ral\u0131 Hamurabi\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanuna temel olmu\u015f, ondan Musa\u2019n\u0131n Yahudi kanunu, ondan da \u0130slam kanunu etkilenmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Hamurabi\u2019nin \u0130.\u00d6. 1750 de G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131ndan kanunu al\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hik\u00e2yesi, Musa\u2019n\u0131n Tanr\u0131dan kanunu al\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00f6rnek olmu\u015ftur. S\u00fcmer Babil hukuksal geleneklerinden \u00e7\u0131kan s\u00f6zler \u0130brani kanunu Talmudda aynen bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

* Ortodoks Yahudilerin bo\u015fanma terimi halen S\u00fcmerce bir kelimedir.<\/p>\n

* Sinagogda Tevrat okunurken dinleyenler \u015fallar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131 dokundurarak onu izlerler. Bu gelenek S\u00fcmer\u2019de hukuksal bir belgenin onayland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in tabletlere elbise kenar\u0131yla bas\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

* Musa\u2019n\u0131n kanununda bulunan ana babaya sayg\u0131, kimseyi, \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyeceksin, zina yapmayacaks\u0131n, \u00e7almayacaks\u0131n, yalan tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmeyeceksin, kom\u015funun kar\u0131s\u0131na ve mal\u0131na g\u00f6z dikmeyeceksin gibi kurallar S\u00fcmer Kanununda da ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Cariye haklar\u0131 da tamamen ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z S\u00fcmer kanunu daha insanc\u0131ld\u0131r. G\u00f6ze g\u00f6z di\u015fe di\u015f cezalar yoktur.<\/p>\n

* S\u00fcmer\u2019de bek\u00e2ret konusu \u00f6nemlidir. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 tabletlerden birinde bir k\u00f6lenin zorla bek\u00e2retini bozan, ona 5 \u015fekel ( \u0130srailde para birimi halen \u015fekel) tahminen 40 gr. g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f vermek zorunda.\u00a0 Bir ba\u015fka tablette bir kad\u0131n bakire olarak evlendi\u011fi kocas\u0131ndan tazminat al\u0131yor ancak dul olarak evlendiyse bu tazminat\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

* Eski S\u00fcmerlerde ta\u015flama cezas\u0131 var. \u0130\u00d6 2200 lerde kral Laga\u015f\u0131n reformlar\u0131yla kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Tevratta ta\u015flama cezas\u0131 var, Kuranda yok.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcmer\u2019de sosyal adaleti koruyan Tanr\u0131\u00e7a y\u0131lda bir kere insanlar\u0131 yarg\u0131lar. Bu inan\u0131\u015f, \u0130slam\u2019a \u015eaban ay\u0131n\u0131n 15\u2019inde Berat Kandili olarak girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

ESMAY\u00dcL H\u00dcSNA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmer Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n esas adlar\u0131ndan ba\u015fka, niteliklerine g\u00f6re di\u011fer adlar\u0131 da vard\u0131. Babil\u2019iler bu adlardan 50\u2019sini yeni yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 Tanr\u0131 Marduk\u2019a vererek tek Tanr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine do\u011fru bir ad\u0131m atm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.\u00a0 Yani bir\u00e7ok vasf\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir tek Tanr\u0131. \u0130slam dininde Allaha verilen 99 ad (Esmay\u00fcl H\u00fcsna) ayn\u0131 gelene\u011fin bir devam\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n

AH\u0130RET<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmerlilere g\u00f6re \u00f6lenler \u201ckur\u201d ad\u0131 verilen karanl\u0131k, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan bir yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na giderler. Tevratta bu yol \u015eeol, Yunan da Hades, \u0130ncilde cehennem, \u0130slamda Ahiret olarak devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

D\u0130R\u0130L\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmerlilere g\u00f6re yeniden dirili\u015f yoktur. Ancak \u00e7ok \u00f6zel durumlarda g\u00f6lgeler yery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kabiliyor. G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine arkada\u015f\u0131 Enkidu\u2019nun g\u00f6lgesi yery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Tevrat’da da Samuel I.28 de K\u0131ral Saul\u2019un iste\u011fi \u00fczerine Samuel\u2019in g\u00f6lgesi yer alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Yahudi dinine Babil tutsakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminden sonra Perslerin etkisiyle, Zerd\u00fc\u015ft dininde bulunan \u00f6l\u00fclerin tekrar dirilebilece\u011fi, cennet-cehennem ve S\u0131rat k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc girmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Kuranda esas\u0131nda S\u0131rat k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n

\u00dcST\u00dcN KAV\u0130M<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmerliler kendilerinin Tanr\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcn bir halk oldu\u011funu yazm\u0131\u015flar. Tevrat da Yahve, Kuranda Allah, \u0130srailo\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcn bir kavim yapar. ( Tevrat 14:6\/ Kuran Casiye ve Bakara Sureleri)<\/p>\n

LEVH-\u0130 MAHFUZ<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmerler d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm olaylar\u0131n ve Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n isteklerinin g\u00f6kte y\u0131ld\u0131zlarla yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rlard\u0131. Kuran’da ayn\u0131 inan\u0131\u015f Levh-i Mahfuz anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda devam eder.<\/p>\n

SAYILAR<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmer\u2019de 7 say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. 7 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7mek, 7 da\u011f a\u015fmak, 7 \u0131\u015f\u0131k, 7 a\u011fa\u00e7, 7 kap\u0131 gibi.. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Tevrat ve Kuran\u2019da da 7 say\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. \u0130slam\u2019a g\u00f6re cennetin 7 kap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. S\u00fcmer Yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n da 7 kap\u0131s\u0131 bulunur.<\/p>\n

\u0130LAH\u0130LER<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Yahudi dinsel t\u00f6renleri Babil\u2019den al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eark\u0131lar ve ilahiler Mezopotamya\u2019da yeni y\u0131l bayramlar\u0131nda s\u00f6ylenen \u015fark\u0131lara benzemektedir.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"cc\"<\/a>KURBAN<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmerliler Tanr\u0131lar\u0131ndan bir istekte bulunmak ya da bir beladan kurtulmak i\u00e7in ya da adak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kurban keserlerdi. Bu kurbanlar sakats\u0131z ve hastal\u0131ks\u0131z olmak zorunda idi. Kurbanlar i\u00e7in rahipler dua okurlard\u0131. Kurban\u0131n sa\u011f kal\u00e7as\u0131 ve i\u00e7 organlar\u0131 Tanr\u0131ya takdim edilir, gerisi etraftakilere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130slamda kurbanlar ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarda kesilmektedir. Dua okunur, sakats\u0131z hayvan kesilir, sa\u011f kal\u00e7as\u0131 ve i\u00e7 organlar\u0131 Tanr\u0131 yerine kurban sahibine b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r, gerisi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r..<\/p>\n

\u015eABBATH<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmerlilerde okul tabletlerine g\u00f6re 6 g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, 7. g\u00fcn dinlenme var. Bu Yahudilere \u015eabat olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015f.\u00a0 Bu g\u00fcn\u00fcn Cumartesi olmas\u0131 da Babillilerden ge\u00e7mi\u015f. Babil\u2019iler her ay\u0131n 7. g\u00fcn\u00fcnde (\u015eapatu) bir kutlama yaparlard\u0131. Bu nefis terbiyesini simgeleyen Sat\u00fcrn gezegenine adanm\u0131\u015f bir g\u00fcnd\u00fc.\u00a0 (Saturday Sat\u00fcrn gezegeninden gelen bir g\u00fcn ad\u0131, yani Cumartesi)\u00a0 Kuran\u2019da bu g\u00fcn Cumad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u0130\u015e\u0130SEL TANRI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmer yazarlar\u0131na g\u00f6re her insan\u0131n ve ailenin bir koruyucu Tanr\u0131s\u0131 ya da Tanr\u0131sal baba yerine ge\u00e7en iyi bir mele\u011fi vard\u0131. Tevratta \u201c\u0130brahim\u2019in Nahorun Allah\u0131, babalar\u0131n Allah\u0131 h\u00fckmetsin\u201d eklinde bir c\u00fcmle var.\u00a0 Kuran da Kaf suresinde \u00fczerinde bir koruyucusu ve denetleyicisi olmayan hi\u00e7bir kul olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilir.<\/p>\n

KADIN:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmerliler kad\u0131nlar\u0131 bir tarlaya benzetirler. Ayn\u0131 deyim hem Tevrat hem de Kuranda vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

RAH\u0130BELER TANRININ GEL\u0130N\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmerlilerde rahibeler tap\u0131naklara Tanr\u0131n\u0131n gelini olarak \u00e7eyizleriyle giderlerdi. Bu t\u00f6re Hiristiyanl\u0131kta devam etmektedir. T\u00f6renlerde Meryem’in heykelinin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, S\u00fcmer t\u00f6renlerinde Tanr\u0131 heykellerin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131msat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

BA\u015e \u00d6RT\u00dcS\u00dc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmer tap\u0131naklar\u0131ndaki rahibeler genel kad\u0131n g\u00f6revi yaparlard\u0131. Bunlar Tanr\u0131 nam\u0131na sex yapt\u0131klar\u0131ndan kutsal say\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131 ve di\u011fer kad\u0131nlardan ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc gezerlerdi.\u00a0 \u0130\u00d6 1500 lerde bir Asur k\u0131ral\u0131 t\u00fcm evli ve dul kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rtmeye mecbur etti. Bu bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131kt\u0131. K\u0131zlar, cariyeler ve sokak fahi\u015felerinin ise \u00f6rt\u00fcnmesi yasakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

* Bu gelenek Yahudilere ge\u00e7er, dindar Yahudi kad\u0131nlar\u0131 evlenince sa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131ra\u015f ettirip \u00f6rt\u00fcye girerler. Hristiyan rahibeler de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rterler. \u0130lgin\u00e7 olan Tevrat\u2019\u0131n son yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamana karar Yahudiler aras\u0131nda Tanr\u0131 nam\u0131na fuhu\u015f yapan kad\u0131n ve erkekler olmas\u0131. Yahudi fahi\u015feleri y\u00fczlerine pe\u00e7e tak\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

* \u0130slam\u2019da kad\u0131n v\u00fccudu ziynet olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor. \u0130slamiyet\u2019ten \u00f6nce Arap kad\u0131nlar\u0131 yar\u0131 bellerine kadar \u00e7\u0131plak gezerlermi\u015f. Hatta \u0130slamiyetten sonra cariyeler, k\u00f6leler giyinmezlermi\u015f. Sadece evli kad\u0131nlar giyinirlermi\u015f. \u0130lk d\u00f6nemde sadece Muhammedin e\u015fleri giyinirlermi\u015f. Kuran iffetli kad\u0131nlara giyinmeyi tavsiye ediyor. Ceza filan yok.<\/p>\n

* Kad\u0131nlar Muhammedin dinini ilk se\u00e7enler aras\u0131ndayd\u0131lar. Kuran k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesini kesinlikle yasaklad\u0131. Kad\u0131nlara miras ve bo\u015fanma konular\u0131nda yeni haklar verildi. \u00c7o\u011fu bat\u0131l\u0131 kad\u0131n 19 yy a kadar b\u00f6yle bir hakka sahip olmad\u0131. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, Hristiyanl\u0131kta oldu\u011fu gibi din, daha sonra metinleri kad\u0131nlar hakk\u0131nda olumsuz yorumlad\u0131. Kuran b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131nlara pe\u00e7e zorunlulu\u011fu getirmez. Yaln\u0131zca toplumsal konumlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fareti olarak Muhammedin e\u015fleri i\u00e7in bunu getirir. (Bu paragraf ba\u015fka bir kaynaktan)<\/p>\n

TANRININ O\u011eLU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 S\u00fcmerli rahibeler evlenseler bile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olmamal\u0131 idi. Kazara b\u00f6yle do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu kad\u0131nlar Allah\u2019 \u0131n kar\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131lar. Do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar da Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fu say\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131. S\u00fcmerliler bir \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcden Tanr\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fu olmas\u0131n\u0131 istemiyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ve Kurandaki bir ayet, \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n neden Tanr\u0131n\u0131n o\u011flu olarak kabul edildi\u011fine bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirir: Ali \u0130mran Suresinde \u0130mran\u2019\u0131n kar\u0131s\u0131, \u201ckarn\u0131mdakini sana adad\u0131m\u2026 Ada\u011f\u0131m\u0131 kabul buyur, ad\u0131n\u0131 Meryem koydum.. Rabbi onu h\u00fcsn\u00fc kabul g\u00f6sterdi\u2026 Zekeriya onun yan\u0131na mabede her geli\u015finde ona r\u0131zk b\u0131rak\u0131r\u2026\u201d\u00a0 diye yazar.<\/p>\n

Bu ayetten anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re o zaman mabetler vard\u0131. Tevrat ve \u0130ncil\u2019de bu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Meryem mabede adanm\u0131\u015f ve orada yeti\u015fmi\u015f bir k\u0131zd\u0131.\u00a0 Baz\u0131 kitaplara g\u00f6re ni\u015fanl\u0131s\u0131 Yusuf\u2019tan hamile kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O\u011flunu gidip \u00fccra bir k\u00f6\u015fede do\u011furmas\u0131 Tanr\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fi korkusundan. \u0130sa b\u00fcy\u00fcrken Tanr\u0131n\u0131n o\u011flu oldu\u011fu kendisine a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan \u201cBen Tanr\u0131n\u0131n o\u011fluyum\u201d diyerek ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn nedeni bu olabilir.<\/p>\n

G\u00dcNAH \u00c7IKARMA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Hristiyanl\u0131kta oldu\u011fu gibi S\u00fcmer\u2019de de g\u00fcnah \u00e7\u0131kartan Rahipler vard\u0131.. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 elbise giyerlerdi.<\/p>\n

K\u00c2BE\/PANTEON\/AL-LAH\/HAC<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Araplar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu gibi, Muhammed de Antik Arap Panteon\u2019unda, ad\u0131 sadece Tanr\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen Al-Lah adl\u0131 ilah\u0131n Yahudi ve Hristiyanlar\u0131n Tanr\u0131s\u0131yla ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funa inanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ger\u00e7ekten de Araplar, Al-Lah\u2019\u0131n an\u0131msanmayan bir zamandan beri putu orda olmakla birlikte, kendilerine hi\u00e7bir peygamber veya vahiy g\u00f6ndermemi\u015f oldu\u011funa \u00fcz\u00fclmekteydiler.\u00a0 B\u00fct\u00fcn Mekkeliler Arabistan\u2019\u0131n en \u00f6nemli panteonu olan K\u00e2be ile \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar her y\u0131l hacca geliyorlard\u0131. MS 7. yy da.\u00a0 K\u00e2be etraf\u0131nda t\u00fcm sava\u015flar yasakt\u0131 ve orada daima ate\u015fkes vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

YARATILI\u015e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmer efsanesine g\u00f6re, evrende ilk olarak Tanr\u0131\u00e7a Nammu ad\u0131nda u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z bir su vard\u0131. Tanr\u0131\u00e7a o sudan \u00f6nce bir da\u011f \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. O\u011flu hava tanr\u0131s\u0131 Enlil onu ikiye ay\u0131rd\u0131. \u00dcst\u00fc g\u00f6k, alt\u0131 yer oldu. \u2026<\/p>\n

* Tevrat Tekvin 1-2-9: Sular\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fc \u00fczerinde Allah\u2019\u0131n ruhu hareket ediyordu. Allah sular\u0131n ortas\u0131nda kubbe olsun, sular ayr\u0131ls\u0131n dedi. Allah kubbeyi yapt\u0131. Altta olan suyu \u00fcstte olan sudan ay\u0131rd\u0131 ve Allah kubbeye g\u00f6k- alttaki kuru topra\u011fa yer dedi.<\/p>\n

* Kuran Enbiya Suresi Ayet 30:\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar\u0131 sudan meydana getirdi\u011fimizi bilmezler mi?\u201d G\u00f6kler ve yer yap\u0131\u015f\u0131k iken onlar\u0131 ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131..<\/p>\n

\"bb\"<\/a>\u00c2DEM \u0130LE HAVVA\/ \u0130LK \u0130NSANLAR<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmerde bilgelik Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Nammu yumu\u015fak kilden \u015fekiller yaparak \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fclerin, tanr\u0131 suretindeki modelini yarat\u0131r.\u00a0 Tevratta ve Kuranda bu olay \u00e7ok benzer.<\/p>\n

* Talmuda g\u00f6re yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n 6. g\u00fcn\u00fcnde \u00c2dem ile birlikte yarat\u0131lan kad\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 Lilith dir.\u00a0 Lilith kendini \u00c2dem\u2019le e\u015fit g\u00f6ren, s\u00f6z dinlemeyen, yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 erke\u011fi b\u0131rakmayan bir di\u015fidir. Bu isim, S\u00fcmer A\u015fk Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 \u0130nanna\u2019n\u0131n a\u011fac\u0131na yuva yap\u0131p onu kestirmeyen cinin ad\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

* Tevratta Allah daha sonra \u00c2demi topraktan, kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 onun kaburgas\u0131ndan yarat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

* Kuranda Rahman suresi: Allah insan\u0131 pi\u015fmi\u015f \u00e7amura benzeyen bal\u00e7\u0131ktan yaratt\u0131..<\/p>\n

CENNETTEN KOVULMA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmer\u2019de Dilmun ad\u0131nda Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00fclke var. Hastal\u0131k ve \u00f6l\u00fcm yok bu \u00fclkede.\u00a0 Bu cennet bah\u00e7esinde Yer tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 8 bitki yeti\u015ftiriyor. Bilgelik Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Enki hepsini tad\u0131yor. Yer Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 k\u0131z\u0131yor. Enki ise \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r bir hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalan\u0131yor.\u00a0 Bunun \u00fczerine Yer tanr\u0131s\u0131 8 bitkinin her biri i\u00e7in bir Tanr\u0131 yarat\u0131yor. Hasta olan organlardan birisi kaburga. Enkiyi iyi eden Tanr\u0131\u00e7an\u0131n ad\u0131 \u201ckaburgan\u0131n han\u0131m\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen Ninthi\u201d\u00a0 Nin han\u0131m, ti kaburga demektir. Ti\u2019 nin bir anlam\u0131 da hayatt\u0131r.. Yani Ninthi Hayat\u0131n han\u0131m\u0131 olarak da terc\u00fcme edilebilir..<\/p>\n

* Ayn\u0131 hik\u00e2yenin benzeri Tevratta var. Cennet bah\u00e7esi Aden ortas\u0131na iyilik ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilmesini sa\u011flayan hayat a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 diker Tanr\u0131. Bunun meyvesini yemeyi yasaklar vs. Rab \u00c2demin kaburga kemiklerinin birinden kad\u0131n\u0131 yapar. Ve ad\u0131n\u0131 Nisa koyar.<\/p>\n

* Kuranda bu konu daha hafif ge\u00e7er ama \u00f6z ayn\u0131 kal\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, S\u00fcmer ve Tevrat yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f efsaneleri olduk\u00e7a paraleldir. Bir cennet bah\u00e7esi, bilgelik a\u011fac\u0131, yasak meyve ve lanetlenme!\u00a0 Hayat\u0131n han\u0131m\u0131 (Ninthi) \u0130branice tam kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak Havva olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

* \u00c2demle Havan\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olan Habil ve Kain Hikayesi de S\u00fcmerde \u00e7ok benzer \u015fekilde var.<\/p>\n

KAN DEN\u0130Z\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmerde birine k\u0131zan bir Tanr\u0131 \u00fclkeye \u00e7e\u015fitli felaketler g\u00f6nderir. Ve b\u00fct\u00fcn kuyular\u0131 kanla doldurur. \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f efsanesinde Firavuna g\u00f6nderilen felaketler ve Nil\u2019in kana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi gibi..<\/p>\n

TUFAN<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tufan hik\u00e2yesinin ayn\u0131s\u0131, Asur K\u0131ral\u0131 Asurbanipal k\u00fct\u00fcphanesindeki bir tablette var. G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f Destan\u0131n\u0131n son k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.\u00a0 Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n cezas\u0131. 7 G\u00fcnde gemi yap\u0131l\u0131yor, T\u00fcm hayvanlardan ve biitkilerden 1 \u00e7ift dolduruluyor. Geminin kap\u0131s\u0131 kapan\u0131r kapanmaz yerden sular f\u0131\u015fk\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

MERYEM-\u0130SA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmer a\u015fk Tanr\u0131s\u0131 \u0130nana, Akadlarda \u0130\u015ftar, \u0130srailde Astarta, Yunanda Afrodit, Romada Ven\u00fcs ad ile sayg\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bug\u00fcn de \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n annesi Meryem\u2019e, \u0130nanna\u2019ya ait nitelikler yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. O da \u0130nanna gibi g\u00f6klerin h\u00e2kimesi, sosyal adaletin savunucusu, fakirlerin ezilenlerin koruyucusu say\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 \u00e7evrelerde Tanr\u0131\u00e7a seviyesine getirildi\u011finden o\u011flundan \u00e7ok ona tap\u0131n\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, annelerin, sava\u015fanlar\u0131n, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc \u00e7eken ailelerin yard\u0131m i\u00e7in ona dua ettiklerinden s\u00f6z ediliyor.<\/p>\n

DUMUZZ\u0130 EFSANES\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Dumuzzi \u00c7oban Tanr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 B\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklarla a\u015fk tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 \u0130nanna ile evlenir.\u00a0 Sonra Tanr\u0131\u00e7a yer alt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na g\u00f6nderilir.. Sonra onun yerine Dumuzzi girer yeralt\u0131na. Bunlar uzun hik\u00e2yeler ve S\u00fcmer Mitolojisi. Ancak her y\u0131l baharda d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p birle\u015firler. Bu birle\u015fmeyi zaman\u0131n k\u0131ral\u0131 ile ba\u015f rahibesi birle\u015ferek kutlarlar. B\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00f6renler yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ve yeni bir y\u0131l ba\u015flar.\u00a0 Bunlar kutsal evlenme ve bereket t\u00f6renleridir.<\/p>\n

* Safevilerde Alinin yeniden d\u00fcnyaya gelece\u011fi inanc\u0131 da ayn\u0131 efsaneden etkilenmi\u015f olabilir. Dumuzi takvimimizde Temmuz ad\u0131 olarak s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Musevilerde de Tammuz \u015fekline. Temmuzun 17 sinde \u0130srail kad\u0131nlar\u0131 mabet kap\u0131s\u0131na giderek a\u011flarlar. Adeta Dumuzi\u2019nin yeralt\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn yas\u0131n\u0131 utarlar.<\/p>\n

* \u00dclkemizde de May\u0131s ba\u015f\u0131nda kutlanan H\u0131drellez \u015fenlikleri, baz\u0131 k\u00f6ylerde mezarl\u0131klarda yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Bunlarda S\u00fcmer\u2019deki kutsal evlenme t\u00f6renlerin bir devam\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u015eenlik H\u0131z\u0131r ile \u0130lyas Peygamberin bir araya gelmesi nedeniyle yap\u0131l\u0131yor.\u00a0 Ayr\u0131ca H\u0131drellez gecelerinde iki y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n birle\u015fti\u011fine, bu nedenle dileklerin ger\u00e7ek olaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

* \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n durumu da Dumuziye benziyor. Dumuzinin d\u00f6v\u00fclerek, eziyet edilerek yer alt\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f\u00fc tekrar yery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u0130sa\u2019ya yap\u0131lanlar ve her y\u0131l onun yery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, Dumuzinin ser\u00fcvenini and\u0131r\u0131r. .<\/p>\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> nina.bencoya.com<\/p>\n

Resim D\u00fczenleme:<\/strong> \u00c7i\u011fdem Sar\u0131g\u00fcl<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Prof. Muazzez \u0130lmiye \u00c7\u0131\u011f (S\u00fcmerolog); S\u00fcmerliler Tanr\u0131lar d\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u00fczerine pek \u00e7ok efsaneler geli\u015ftirmi\u015fler, \u015fiirler ilahiler, t\u00f6renler yaratm\u0131\u015flar ve bunlar\u0131 ilk defa yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7irmi\u015flerdir. Onlar\u0131n kurduklar\u0131 dinler, zamanla tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlerin temelini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Tek Tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinler dikkatle incelendi\u011finde, di\u011fer tanr\u0131lar\u0131n tamamen yok olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6rebiliriz. Bu dinlerde melekler, \u015feytanlar, cinler olarak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 korumaktad\u0131rlar. Tek Tanr\u0131l\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2505,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-inanc-sistemleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2503"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3150,"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2503\/revisions\/3150"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2505"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}