{"id":2537,"date":"2015-07-24T22:57:49","date_gmt":"2015-07-24T19:57:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/?p=2537"},"modified":"2015-10-02T16:36:01","modified_gmt":"2015-10-02T13:36:01","slug":"islam-bilginlerinin-bilimsel-buluslari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/2015\/07\/islam-bilginlerinin-bilimsel-buluslari\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130SLAM B\u0130LG\u0130NLER\u0130N\u0130N B\u0130L\u0130MSEL BULU\u015eLARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"as6fonspgflfkq5oqdbi\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Kimya: <\/strong><\/span>Cabir Bin Hayyan, kantitatif ve kalitatif prensiplere dayanan bir bilim olarak kimyay\u0131 kurdu. Bat\u0131, Hayyan\u2019 \u0131n kurdu\u011fu seviyeye 900 ila 1000 sene sonra ula\u015ft\u0131. Cabir ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00fct\u00fcn insani duygular\u0131n matematiksel olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilece\u011fine inan\u0131yor, bunu da ilm\u00fc\u2019 l mizan olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lk Rasathane:<\/span> <\/strong>Bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc anlam\u0131yla ilk uzay g\u00f6zlem evi Halife Me\u2019 mun zaman\u0131nda (miladi 9. as\u0131rda) Ba\u011fdat ve \u015eam\u2019 da birer adet olmak \u00fczere kuruldu.<\/p>\n

\"Muaz%20Erdem%204\"<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"image00243\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Ekvatorun Uzunlu\u011fu:<\/span> <\/strong>Yine Halife Me\u2019 mun zaman\u0131nda ekvatorun uzunlu\u011fu ilk defa bug\u00fcn de bildi\u011fimiz \u015fekliyle 40 bin kilometre olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lk D\u00fcnya Haritas\u0131: <\/strong><\/span>Halife Me\u2019 mun d\u00f6neminde 70 bilginden olu\u015fan bir heyet Batlamyos\u2019 unkinden farkl\u0131 olmayan enlem ve boylamlar\u0131, karalar\u0131 ve denizleri do\u011fru bir d\u00fcnya haritas\u0131 \u00e7izdi.<\/p>\n

\"Osm_Harita_batlamyus\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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Matematik:<\/strong><\/span> 950 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ebu Cafer el Hazin adl\u0131 matematik\u00e7i ve astronom parabol konstr\u00fcksiyonu kullanmak suretiyle \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dereceden bir denklemi \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc. 11. asr\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019 l Heytem bir optik problemini d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc dereceden bir denklemle \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla Latinceye de \u00e7evrilen problem Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131 \u201cProblema Alhazeni\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda 13. as\u0131rdan 19. asra kadar u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Avrupal\u0131lar \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019 l Heysem\u2019 in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ancak 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kavrayabildi.<\/p>\n

11.asr\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda \u00d6mer Hayyam\u2019 \u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dereceden denklemleri sisteme ba\u011flayan kitab\u0131n\u0131n benzeri, Avrupa\u201dda 17. as\u0131rda Rene Descartes, Frans Van Schooten ve Edmund Halley taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131labildi.<\/p>\n

Avrupal\u0131 matematik tarih\u00e7isi Johannes Tropfke, Descartes\u2019 lerin yeni bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 zannettikleri konular\u0131 Hayyam\u201d\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6nceden yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, aradan ge\u00e7en zamanda Avrupal\u0131lar\u2019 \u0131n bo\u015funa \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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Astronomi:<\/strong><\/span> 9. as\u0131rda G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019le D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k en uzak mesafesinin sabit olmay\u0131p de\u011fi\u015fken oldu\u011funu fark eden M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar y\u00f6r\u00fcngedeki ilerlemenin 12.09 saniye oldu\u011funu saptad\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu de\u011fer 11.46 saniye olarak biliniyor. Avrupa\u2019 da Johan Kepler, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda hen\u00fcz M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n kitaplar\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu sonuca nas\u0131l ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlayabilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131yla yaz\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Tahran\u2019 daki rasathanede 10 as\u0131rda tespit edilen D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n ekseninin s\u00fcrekli azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisine Avrupal\u0131lar ancak 19. as\u0131rda g\u00f6k mekani\u011fi bilimiyle ula\u015fabildi. \u0130slam astronomi bilginlerinin kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n terc\u00fcmesinin Kopernik\u2019 e ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc nesiller bundan hen\u00fcz yar\u0131m as\u0131r \u00f6nce \u00f6\u011frenebildi.<\/p>\n

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Trigonometri:<\/strong> <\/span>15. as\u0131rda ya\u015fayan Alman Johannes Regiomontanus\u2019 un ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan trigonometri ilminin kurucusunun, 13. as\u0131rda ya\u015fayan Nasir\u00fcddin et Tusi oldu\u011funu yine Alman matematik tarih\u00e7isi Anton von Braunm\u00fchl ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"sekil-15\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n


\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"el-biruni-harezmi\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Co\u011frafya:<\/strong><\/span> El Biruni 11. as\u0131rda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n enlem ve boylam derecelerini 6 ile 40 dakika aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klarla hesaplad\u0131. Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar ancak 20. as\u0131rda d\u00fczeltilebildi. Engin denizlerde koordinat hesaplama y\u00f6ntemini M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar 15. as\u0131rda yapabilirken Bat\u0131 bunu 20. as\u0131rda \u00f6\u011frenebildi.<\/p>\n

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\"Konstantinderafrikaner\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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T\u0131p:<\/strong><\/span> 11. as\u0131rda Tunuslu bir tacir olarak \u0130talya\u2019 ya giden, sonradan Constantinus Africanus (Afrikal\u0131 Konstantin) ad\u0131n\u0131 alan ki\u015fi, Monte Cassino manast\u0131r\u0131na kapand\u0131. Bu zat Tunus\u2019 a gidip 3 y\u0131l sonra \u0130slam bilginlerine ait 25 t\u0131p kitab\u0131yla Salerno\u2019 ya d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Monte Cassino Manast\u0131r\u0131na kapand\u0131ktan sonra kitaplar\u0131 Latinceye terc\u00fcme ettirdi. O kitaplar ya kendi ya da eski Yunan otoritelerinin ad\u0131yla yay\u0131nland\u0131. \u0130talya, \u0130slam medeniyeti ve biliminin Avrupa\u2019 ya aktar\u0131lmas\u0131nda bir istasyon g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

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\"leonardo-da-vinci-vitruvian-man\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Leonardo\u2019 nun resimleri:<\/strong> <\/span>Me\u015fhur Leonardo da Vinci\u201dnin resimlerini \u00e7izdi\u011fi aletler ve matematik hesaplar\u0131, \u0130slam \u00e2limlerinin bulu\u015fuydu. Da Vinci, bu bilgileri kullanarak devrine g\u00f6re inan\u0131lmaz kabul edilen resimlerini \u00e7izebildi. H\u00e2lbuki Leonardo\u2019 nun \u0130slam bilginlerinin bulu\u015f ve bilgilerini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilse resimlerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyen s\u0131rlar\u0131 ayd\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f olacak.<\/p>\n

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Kaynak:<\/strong> Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin<\/p>\n

Resim D\u00fczenleme:<\/strong> \u00c7i\u011fdem Sar\u0131g\u00fcl<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Kimya: Cabir Bin Hayyan, kantitatif ve kalitatif prensiplere dayanan bir bilim olarak kimyay\u0131 kurdu. Bat\u0131, Hayyan\u2019 \u0131n kurdu\u011fu seviyeye 900 ila 1000 sene sonra ula\u015ft\u0131. Cabir ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00fct\u00fcn insani duygular\u0131n matematiksel olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilece\u011fine inan\u0131yor, bunu da ilm\u00fc\u2019 l mizan olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yordu.   \u00a0 \u0130lk Rasathane: Bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc anlam\u0131yla ilk uzay g\u00f6zlem evi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2547,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilinmeyen-dunya-tarihi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2537","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2537"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2537\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3148,"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2537\/revisions\/3148"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2537"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kosmosmacerasi.com\/v1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}